1. Agricultural Biotechnology Marshall A. Martin Professor and Associate Head Department of Agricultural Economics Purdue University March 2000

2. What is biotechnology? New name for an old tool Molecular biology Genetic engineering Techniques of rDNA

3. Medical applications of biotechnology Control of diabetes with Humalin  or Humalog 

4. What are the new products of biotechnology? Food ingredients, e.g., chymosin

5. What are the new products of agricultural biotechnology? Animal growth hormones, e.g., bST

6. What are the new products of agricultural biotechnology? Herbicide tolerant crops, e.g., Roundup Ready soybeans and corn and Liberty Link corn

7. What are the new products of agricultural biotechnology? Insect resistant crops commercially available, e.g., Bt corn, cotton, and potatoes Corn rootworm resistance in 2001?

8. Biotechnology Adoption: 1999 Chymosin 80% Bst –Farmers 15% –Herds 30% Crops –Corn 30% –Cotton 50% –soybeans 57%

9. What are the new products of agricultural biotechnology? Identity-preserved or specific-attribute crops (vaccines, higher oil or starch content, additional amino acids)

10. Who are the stakeholders? Farmers

11. Who are the stakeholders? Agribusiness

12. Who are the stakeholders? Consumers

13. Who are the stakeholders? Environmentalists

14. Who are the stakeholders? International traders

15. Who are the stakeholders? Policy makers

16. Who are the stakeholders? Ethicists

17. Biotechnology Critics What are their concerns?

31. Who regulates agricultural biotechnology? U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service

32. Who regulates agricultural biotechnology? Environmental Protection Agency

33. Who regulates agricultural biotechnology? Food and Drug Administration

34. The International Trade Controversy over GMOs Who are our customers for agricultural commodities?

35. U.S. Corn Use 1999 Exports 21% Feed59% Food, Seed,& Industrial20%

36. U.S. Shelled Corn Exports 1999 Canada 2% Mexico11% South America 8% EU-15<1% Asia60% (Japan) (30%)

37. U.S. Corn By-Products Exports 1999 Canada 1% Mexico 3% South America 1% EU-1588% Asia 6% (Japan) (2%)

38. U.S. Soybean Use 1999 Exports 31% Crush61% Seed & Residual 8%

39. U.S. Soybean Exports 1999 Canada 1% Mexico15% South America 1% EU-1526% Asia52% (Japan) (16%)

40. U.S. Soybean Meal Exports 1999 Canada13% Mexico 2% South America15% EU-15 7% Asia33% (Japan) (4%)

41. Many Europeans uneasy about biotechnology Strong environmental movement

42. Many Europeans uneasy about biotechnology Strong environmental movement No coherent regulatory system

43. Many Europeans uneasy about biotechnology Strong environmental movement No coherent regulatory system Weak public trust in government since mad cow disease

44. Many Europeans uneasy about biotechnology Strong environmental movement No coherent regulatory system Weak public trust in government since mad cow disease EU consumers perceive no benefits with potential risk

45. Many Europeans uneasy about agricultural biotechnology Strong environmental movement No coherent regulatory system Weak public trust in government since mad cow disease EU consumers perceive no benefits with potential risk Protectionist farm policies

46. Many Europeans uneasy about agricultural biotechnology Strong environmental movement No coherent regulatory system Weak public trust in government since mad cow disease EU consumers perceive no benefits with potential risk Protectionist farm policies Strong support for labeling

47. Geographic diversity in views Least support in Austria, Germany, Denmark, Sweden, and Luxembourg

48. Geographic diversity in views Least support in Austria, Germany, Denmark, Sweden, and Luxembourg More support in Portugal, Spain, Belgium, Finland, and Greece

49. U.S. Consumer Attitudes towards Food Biotechnology About 3/4 Americans have heard of biotechnology

50. U.S. Consumer Attitudes towards Food Biotechnology About 3/4 Americans have heard of biotechnology About 1 out of 3 consumers know that GMO foods are now in our supermarkets

51. U.S. Consumer Attitudes towards Food Biotechnology About 3/4 would buy a GMO food if less pesticide use

52. U.S. Consumer Attitudes towards Food Biotechnology About 3/4 would buy a GMO food if less pesticide use About 3/4 support FDA labeling of biotechnology foods with health and nutrition information

53. Montreal Agreement “Precautionary principle”- allows refusal of import without scientific basis

54. Montreal Agreement “Precautionary principle”- allows refusal of import without scientific basis Establishes Clearing House for GMO seeds

55. Montreal Agreement “Precautionary principle”- allows refusal of import without scientific basis Establishes Clearing House for GMO seeds Label “may contain” GMOs for food and feed

56. Montreal Agreement “Precautionary principle”-allows refusal of import without scientific basis Establishes Clearing House for GMO seeds Label “may contain” GMOs for food and feed Segregation still likely until 2002 when negotiators must meet again

57. What should I consider before adopting GMO crops? Technology fee

58. What should I consider before adopting GMO crops? Technology fee Probability of a pest problem

59. What should I consider before adopting GMO crops? Technology fee Probability of a pest problem Per acre return of GMO vs non-GMO

60. What should I consider before adopting GMO crops? Technology fee Probability of a pest problem Per acre return of GMO vs non-GMO Is there a market?

61. What should I consider before adopting GMO crops? Technology fee Probability of a pest problem Per acre return of GMO vs non-GMO Is there a market? Will I need to segregate the crop?

62. Should I adopt GMO crops in Indiana in 2000? Bt corn? –No in most Indiana locations due to low probability of ECB infestation ID-219 “Economics of Bt Corn”

63. Should I adopt GMO crops in Indiana in 2000? Roundup soybeans? –Maybe, depending on weed pressure, soil erosion concerns, input costs, and expected markets

64. Your Questions