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Soils, Soil Processes & Decomposition
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Surface area increases as particle size decreases. Surface area influences ability to hold water and nutrients.
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Soil formation processes – Laterization Silicate rich parent material Free polyphenols disperse clays & assist movement f/A->B Older, more intense weathering Rapid decomposition of organics Clays weather to Al and Fe oxides - SiO4 gone Red or Yellow color Infertile, rapid and almost direct recycling; little nutrient storage
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Entisols Udipsamment
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Entisols EudifluventLithic Ustorthent
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Inceptisols Typic HydrandeptUmbric Vitandrept
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Alfisols Typic Hapudalf
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Ultisols Typic Hapudult
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Oxisols Tropeptic Eutrorthox
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Soil formation processes – Podsolization Substrate usually well-drained quartz sand, acid, igneous Transport of Fe and Al by soluble organic compounds. Plants from low N or low P soils produce polyphenols E = intense eluviation B = illuviation of organic, Al, & Fe Distribution world-wide, greatest in boreal zone Also in temperate and tropical zones on acid quartz sands End point = acid, low nutrients Bleached E and Dark B with Organics, Fe and Al in B
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Spodisols Aeric HaplaquodTypic Haplorthod
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Soil formation processes – Calcification Drier sites; Calcium not leached out of soil profile Gradient of decreasing precipitation matches thinner A horizon A horizon high in organic content, mostly roots of grass Often highly fertile Climate/disturbance appears unsuitable for trees
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Molliosols Typic HaplaquolTypic Argiudoll
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Typic Argiustol Typic Haplustol
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Aridisols Typic Haplargid Petrocalcic Paleargid
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Typic Salorthid
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Histisols Limnic Medisaprist
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Vertisols
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