1. A Language to Support Spatial Dynamic Modeling Bianca Pedrosa, Gilberto Câmara, Frederico Fonseca, Tiago Carneiro, Ricardo Cartaxo Brazil’s National Institute for Space Research Pennsylvania State University TerraML

2. 2 TerraML Purpose  Support spatial dynamic modeling  Discrete and continuous behavior  Inhomogeneous space  Extensible framework

3. TerraML3 Outline  Requirements of a dynamic modeling environment  The TerraML computational environment  The TerraML theoretical foundations  The TerraML structure and syntax  Future work

4. TerraML4 Spatial dynamic modeling  Locations change due to external forces  Realistic representation of landscape  Elements of dynamic models  Different types of models  Geographical space is inhomogeneous  discretization of space in cells  generalization of CA  discrete and continous processes  Extensibility to include user- defined models  Flexible neighborhood definitions DemandsRequirements

5. TerraML5 I nhomogeneous Space Spaces of fixed location and spaces of fluxes in Amazonia

6. TerraML Computational Environment

7. TerraML7 Spatial Information Engineering  Technological change  Current generation of GIS –Built on proprietary architectures –Interface+function+database = “monolythic” system –Geometric data structures = archived outside of the DBMS  New generation of object-relational DBMS –All data will be handled by DBMS –Standardized access methods (e.g. OpenGIS) –Users can develop customized applications

8. TerraML8 TerraLib: the support for TerraML  Open source library for GIS  Data management –object-relational DBMS raster + vector geometries ORACLE, Postgres, mySQL, Access  Environment for customized GIS applications  Web-based cooperative development –http://www.terralib.org

9. TerraML9 TerraLib and TerraML  TerraML is integrated with TerraLib –access to typical GIS analytical tools

10. TerraML10 BUILDER Computational Model TerraML XML based Parser TerraLib Code Generator TerraLib Component Library DOM/XERCES

11. Theoretical Foundations for TerraML

12. TerraML12 TerraML Cellular Model Cellular Space

13. TerraML13 Cell-space x Cellular Automata  CA –Homogeneous, isotropic space –Local action –One attribute per cell (discrete values) –Finite space state  Cell-space –Non-homogeneous space –Action-at-a-distance –Many attributes per cell –Infinite space state

14. TerraML14 Hybrid Automata  Formalism developed by Tom Henzinger (UC Berkeley) –Applied to embedded systems, robotics, process control, and biological systems  Hybrid automaton –Combines discrete transition graphs with continous dynamical systems –Infinite-state transition system

15. TerraML15 Hybrid Automata  Variables  Control graph  Flow and Jump conditions  Events Control Mode A Flow Condition Control Mode B Flow Condition Event Jump condition Event

16. TerraML16 Neighborhood Definition  Traditional CA –Isotropic space –Local neighborhood definition (e.g. Moore)  Real-world –Anisotropic space –Action-at-a-distance  TerraML –Generalized calculation of proximity matrix

17. TerraML17 Supporting Different Models  Cell’s Potential for Change is Function of –Global Demand e.g. “2% of forest area will be deforested per year” –Neighborhood Influence e.g., “80% of deforestation occurs near existing roads” –Local Attributes e.g., “cells wìth more than 2800 mm of rain/year will not be feasible for agriculture”

18. TerraML18 TerraML Structure

19. TerraML19 An Example in Hydrology A water balance Automata DRY soilwater=soilwater+pre-evap WET Surplus=soilwater-infilcp Soilwater=infilcp input soilwater>=infilcp input Surplus>0 TRANSPORTING MOVE(LDD, surplus, infilcp) discharge Control Mode Flow ConditionJump ConditionEventTransition DRYSolwat=solwat+pre-evapSolwat>=infcapWET Surplus=soilwater-infilcapSurplus>0dischargeTRANSP MOVE(LDD,surplus, infilcap)Surplus>0inputDRY input

20. TerraML20 TerraML Example modelling time one week"> InfilCap /> SoilType /> LDD /> RainTimeSeries /> SoilWater /> Surplus />

21. TerraML21 TerraML Example <mode controlmode =“DRY” flowcondition=“soilwater+pre+evap” jumpcondition =“soilwater>infl_cap“ to=“wet“ /> <mode controlmode name=“WET“ flowcondition= “Surplus=soilwater-infilcp; Soilwater=infilcp;” jumpcondition=“surplus>0“ to=“TRANSP“ event=“discharge“ /> <mode controlmode name=“TRANSP“ flowcondition= “MOVE(ldd,surplus,infilcap)” jumpcondition=“surplus>0“ to=“DRY“ event=“input“ />

22. TerraML22 TerraML Example

23. TerraML23 Future Work  Formalization of model types  Constructions of real-life applications –Hydrology –Deforestation  Web availability

24. TerraML24 Acknowledgments  ESRI  Methodist University of Piracicaba, Brazil