1. THE CATHOLIC REFORMATION

2. PRECEDENCE FOR CHANGE  Longstanding calls for reform  Conciliar movement revived  Fifth Lateran Council - 1512-1517  Council of Pisa -1511 Pope Julius II

3. THE CATHOLIC REFORMATION CATHOLIC RESPONSES  Reform & reaction  Council of Trent (1545) upheld central papal authority  Charles V pushes for new council vowed to reform abuses & corruption upheld doctrine  Condemnation of Luther for heresy

4. THE CATHOLIC REFORMATION CATHOLIC RESPONSES  Religious Resurgence  Renewed seriousness & piety  New religious orders Society of Jesus (Jesuits)  Missionary work  Charity work Pope Paul III St. Ignatius of Loyola (1491-1556) St. Vincent de Paul (1580-1660)

5. THE CATHOLIC REFORMATION CATHOLIC RESPONSES  The Counter Crusade  Missionary campaign against Protestantism  Censorship & propaganda Pope as referee between Calvin & Luther Caricature of Calvin Seven-headed Luther Luther and Lucifer

6. THE CATHOLIC REFORMATION CATHOLIC RESPONSES  The Counter Crusade  Judicial & police machinery Episcopal courts Inquisitions

7. THE CATHOLIC REFORMATION RELIGION & THE STATE  Government determined religion of population  Apparatus of state used to enforce religious belief  Most powerful states = Catholic