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The Resistive Plate Chamber Forward Upgrades Andrew Glenn University of Colorado, Boulder for the PHENIX Collaboration 23 rd WWND Feb 14, 2007 Outline.

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Presentation on theme: "The Resistive Plate Chamber Forward Upgrades Andrew Glenn University of Colorado, Boulder for the PHENIX Collaboration 23 rd WWND Feb 14, 2007 Outline."— Presentation transcript:

1 The Resistive Plate Chamber Forward Upgrades Andrew Glenn University of Colorado, Boulder for the PHENIX Collaboration 23 rd WWND Feb 14, 2007 Outline Motivation / Measurement Method Trigger Needs Instrumentation Trigger Details Offline Analysis Challenges

2 A.M. Glenn 23rd WWND 2 Motivation The sea quark polarizations of the proton can be probed through the single spin asymmetry, A L, of the W + and W - The PHENIX collaboration plans to determine A L and σ for W + and W - bosons at forward and backward rapidities in p+p collisions at 500 GeV. In a p+p collision, two quarks will interact at two Bjorken momentum fractions (x 1 and x 2 ) and produce a W boson. PHENIX will look at the cases where the W decays to a muon and a neutrino. It will be able to detect the muons but not the neutrino. ？

3 A.M. Glenn 23rd WWND 3 Method Details Using the number of muons detected at forward and backward rapidities, A L can be calculated using: We could simply compare A L to models but, the sea quark polarizations of the proton can be probed to first order through A L using: Large x 1 Large x 2

4 A.M. Glenn 23rd WWND 4 Sensitivity In Bunce et al, Prospects for Spin Physics at RHIC, Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. 2000, the sensitivity to the sea quark polarizations were calculated. The sensitivity is calculated from the number of muons detected as a function x 1 and x 2. The Bunce et al. paper, assumes the p T of the W is zero which allows for a one- to-one correlation between measured µ kinematics and the true W kinematics.

5 A.M. Glenn 23rd WWND 5 Because the neutrino can not be detected, the momentum of the W can not be completely reconstructed from the decay products causing a smearing in the momentum calculated for the W. Plotting the true x 1 value produced in PYTHIA versus the x 1 value that would be calculated from the muon, a smearing occurs in the correlation. Smearing from W p T x calculated using  x from PYTHIA We will continue to study other effects such as going beyond leading order, reconstruction resolutions …

6 A.M. Glenn 23rd WWND 6 PHENIX Trigger Needs NSF Funded Much of the manpower is DOE funded Design Luminosity √s = 500 GeV σ=60mb L = 2x10 32 /cm 2 /s Total X-sec rate ＝ 12MHz DAQ LIMIT =1-2kHz （ forμarm ） Required RF ~ 10,000 Abilene Christian University, Brookhaven National Laboratory, University of California, Riverside, CIAE, University of Colorado, Columbia University/Nevis Laboratory, Georgia State University, University of Illinois, Iowa State University, Korea University, Muhlenberg College, Peking University Current MuID LL1 has a RF of ~500 at 200GeV

7 A.M. Glenn 23rd WWND 7 Trigger should provide momentum selection and vertex pointing RPC 3SRPC 2SRPC 1(a,b)S RPC 3NRPC 2N RPC 1(a,b)N ST1 ST2 ST3

8 A.M. Glenn 23rd WWND 8 Resistive Plate Chambers GND Signal Pick-up -HV bakelite Graphite coating Polycarbonate spacer Mylar Good timing performance (~ 1-2 ns) Good rate capability (~several kHz/cm2) Space resolution (~ cm ) Simple design & low cost WE ARE COPYING CMS Typical gas mixture: 95%R134A + 4.5% ISO + 0.5% SF 6 0.5cm strips Gas One quick SPIRES search Endcap resistive plate chambers for the Compact Muon Solenoid experiment Hong, B.S. J.Korean Phys.Soc.48:515-529,2006 Production and quality control of the barrel RPC chambers of the CMS experiment Abbrescia, M. Nucl.Phys.Proc.Suppl.150:290-294,2006 Cosmic ray tests of double-gap resistive plate chambers for the CMS experiment Abbrescia, M. Nucl.Instrum.Meth.A550:116-126,2005 Production and test of one-third of barrel Resistive Plate Chambers of the CMS experiment at LHC Abbrescia, M. Nucl.Instrum.Meth.A535:283-286,2004 The cosmic rays quality test procedure for the CMS barrel resistive plate chambers Abbrescia, M. Nucl.Instrum.Meth.A533:208-213,2004 Aging studies for Resistive Plate Chambers of the CMS muon trigger detector Pugliese, G. Nucl.Instrum.Meth.A515:342-347,2003 CMS barrel resistive plate chambers: Tests and results Pavlov, Borislav ECONF C030626:FRAP07,2003 physics/0309005 Recent experimental results and developments on the resistive plate chambers for the CMS experiment Altieri, S. Int.J.Mod.Phys.A16S1C:1135-1138,2001 The resistive plate chambers for CMS and their simulation Abbrescia, M. Nucl.Instrum.Meth.A471:55-59,2000 New developments on front end electronics for the CMS Resistive Plate Chambers Abbrescia, M. Nucl.Instrum.Meth.A456:143-149,2000 Single event effect measurements on the resistive plate chambers front end chips for the CMS experiment Abbrescia, M. Temperature and humidity dependence of bulk resistivity of bakelite for resistive plate chambers in CMS Ahn, S.H. Nucl.Instrum.Meth.A451:582-587,2000 Performance of resistive plate chambers for the muon detection at CMS Abbrescia, M. Nucl.Phys.Proc.Suppl.78:90-95,1999 A prototype front end chip for the CMS resistive plate chambers Abbrescia, M. Development of resistive plate chambers for the CMS experiment Vitulo, P. Beam test results on double-gap resistive plate chambers proposed for CMS experiment Abbrescia, M. Nucl.Instrum.Meth.A414:135-148,1998

9 A.M. Glenn 23rd WWND 9 Developing Local Expertise Test Stands at multiple institutions GSU Built RPCs

10 A.M. Glenn 23rd WWND 10 Test Stand Results 0.5cm strips Strips widths smaller than ~1cm are useless without ADC No $$ or plans for ADC (with more than one bit) Cluster distributions needed for trigger simulations ~5400ft elevation

11 A.M. Glenn 23rd WWND 11 Detector Geometry RPC2 North RPC3 North MuTR backplate “Rings” of equal  coverage Accessible from tunnel Match MuTR dead areas

12 A.M. Glenn 23rd WWND 12 Readout Strip Geometry RPC2 strips: 467.9 x 60.5 (64) strips: 441.0 x 60.5 (58) strips: 418.2 x 48.8 (64) strips: 298.9 x 48.8 (57) strips: 382.7 x 38.2 (64) strips: 369.1 x 38.2 (56) strips: 357.8 x 28.4 (64) strips: 354.7 x 28.4 (54) Units of mm (channels) Octant and strip readout to be designed to complement MuTR RPC1 a+b RPC2RPC3 Channels307238482872 RPC2 Octant 141.0 x 11.4 mm Inner RPC1 to 554.2 x 64.6 mm Outer RPC3

13 A.M. Glenn 23rd WWND 13 MuTR FEE Upgrade Current MuTR Front End Electronics are too slow for Level 1 trigger New FEE will provide list of hit strips to Level 1 trigger Current plan is to instrument non-stereo plains in MuTR stations 1 and 2 for both arms Funding approved by JSPS Riken-BNL Research Center, University of Kyoto, Rikkyo University, KEK, Los Alamos National Lab, University of New Mexico

14 A.M. Glenn 23rd WWND 14 MuTr FEE Modifications MuTr Cathode AMU ADC DCM GL1 BBCLL1 MuIDLL1 FPGA (MuTrLL1) PA Discri Hit pattern New Board 10mV/fCPseudo-CFD 10:90 Split (3 mV/fC) ~1usec CPA

15 A.M. Glenn 23rd WWND 15 Trigger Algorithm Candidates found by matching RPC1/2 hits within angular range. Momentum cut made by matching hit in MuTr station 2 within three cathode strips of RPC projection. or RPC1(a+b) RPC2

16 A.M. Glenn 23rd WWND 16 Trigger Simulation Results Full GEANT simulation of PYTHIA events Use several variations of trigger algorithms (detector combinations) to rejection factors Good efficiency for high p T muons Based on ~1M PYTHIA p+p events at √s = 500GeV. Rejection factors are combined for both muon arms. USES SLIGHTLY DIFFERENT PAD READOUT All over the rejection goal of 10,000 RPC1/2 Angle Cut: MuRPC+ST2 |  strip|<=3 NO CLUSTERS MuRPC+ST2 |  strip|<=3 CLUSTERS MuRPC+ ST1+ST2 |  strip|<=3 (RPC1->ST1) 3 degree cut14,672 (1,780) 14,459 (1,740) 13,127 (1,506) (Statistical errors shown in parenthesis.)

17 A.M. Glenn 23rd WWND 17 Beam-Background Rejection Severity of beam backgrounds at 500GeV (with high luminosity) is largely unknown. RPC timing used to eliminate early-time hits. Trigger rejection largely independent of beam-related backgrounds. coming from back (early time hits) coming from front (in time hits) R3R2 R1 Collisions! Beam-Related Background

18 A.M. Glenn 23rd WWND 18 Time Line Summer 2007Summer 2008Summer 2009Pre RHIC II RPCsRPC 3 North & South RPC 2 North & South RPC 1a,b MuTR FEE 2 Octants of Stations 1+2 South All of Stations 1+2 South All of Stations 1+2 North Absorber may be added in RPC1’s position matching MuTR FEE coverage/timetable. If so, it will be removed or reduced prior to installation in RPC1 a,b

19 A.M. Glenn 23rd WWND 19 Offline Backgrounds Triggering on W events is necessary but not sufficient. We should try to address all of the offline background issues we can before taking data –Punch through: Small fraction of high p T hadrons which penetrate through the detector –Fake High p T : Small fraction of low p T hadrons which decay in the MuTR and are incorectly reconstructed with high p T

20 A.M. Glenn 23rd WWND 20 Punch through Invariant Ed3sigma/dp3 (mb/GeV2) p T (GeV) Red line is UA1 fit form. Magnta & Black: PYTHIA at midrapidity. Blue: PYTHIA at forward rapidity (eta 1.2-2.2). Applying tight matching cuts substantially reduces the background for pions (and kaons) except irreducible fully penetrating category. 10M input 10GeV 20GeV z!=0 background 45k  6k 62k  7k z=0 true punch through 1k  1k 1k  1k z=0 punch + shower 11k  3k 9k  2k Punch through should not be a major issue especially if any absorber is added

21 A.M. Glenn 23rd WWND 21 Fake High p T Hadron decays in the MuTR can make tracks appear straighter High p T track Can be battled with: Tighter quality cuts / and inter detector matching Additional absorber (Tungsten from Nose Cone Calorimeter …) Additional detectors (Forward Silicon Vertex detector)

22 A.M. Glenn 23rd WWND 22 Summary The polarized proton program at RHIC will address two key missing pieces of information through W +/- production: –The antiquark spin structure functions The PHENIX Forward Upgrade will provide the event selection necessary to access this physics: –New RPC-based tracking chambers –New electronics for MuTr LL1 input –New Level-1 Muon Trigger electronics

23 A.M. Glenn 23rd WWND 23 Side Note on Heavy Ions RPCs may provide some reduction of combinatoric background in heavy ion collisions, but the pad sizes are too large to have a dramatic impact Studies are under way to see if the RPCs can help trigger on dimuons in A+A collisions at RHIC II.

24 A.M. Glenn 23rd WWND 24 EXTRAS

25 A.M. Glenn 23rd WWND 25

26 A.M. Glenn 23rd WWND 26 Assuming p T of W =0

27 A.M. Glenn 23rd WWND 27  f(x, μ 2 ) :The probability of finding a certain parton type (f = u, u, d, d,..., g) with positive helicity in a nucleon of positive helicity, minus the probability for finding it with negative helicity Superscripts refer to partons and subscripts to the parent hadron.

28 A.M. Glenn 23rd WWND 28 Physics Timeline 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 …. 2012 (RHIC II) 10 pb -1 ……………………………………  275pb -1 …….. 950pb -1 √s= ……………………….. 200 GeV …………………......... 500 GeV| P= 0.5 0.6 0.7 …………………………………… Inclusive hadrons + Jets ~ 25% Transverse Physics Charm Physics direct photons bottom physics W-physics A LL (hadrons, Jets)A LL (charm) A LL (γ) AL(W)AL(W) L= 1x10 31 cm -2 s -1 6x10 31 cm -2 s -1 1.6x10 32 cm -2 s -1 see Spin report to DOE http://spin.riken.bnl.gov/rsc/ @ 200GeV @ 500GeV

29 A.M. Glenn 23rd WWND 29 RPC1aRPC1bRPC2RPC3 theta (deg)Radiuswidthradiuswidthradiuswidthradiuswidth possible 5280.25231.7 34.36933.2773.11016.8842.34675.43873.2 ring 8 strips: 181.4 x 12.1 (64) strips: 197.7 x 13.2 (64) strips: 467.9 x 60.5 (64) 31.604207.53485.6 ring 7 strips: 441.0 x 60.5 (58) 28.84751.8622.8819.1678.63766.52120.34991.44135.0 ring 6 strips: 164.3 x 9.7 (64)strips: 177.7 x 10.6 (64) strips: 418.2 x 48.8 (64)strips: 554.2 x 64.6 (64) 26.093348.32773.94437.23675.9 ring 5 strips: 298.9 x 48.8 (57)strips: 528.6 x 64.6 (57) 23.33588.7487.7641.4531.42949.42443.43908.63238.0 ring 4 strips: 151.1 x 15.2 (32)strips: 163.5 x 16.6 (32) strips: 382.7 x 38.2 (64)strips: 507.1 x 50.6 (64) 20.5722566.82126.43401.52817.9 ring 3 strips: 369.1 x 38.2 (56)strips: 493.3 x 50.6 (56) 17.81438.7363.4477.9395.92197.71820.62912.32412.7 ring2 strips: 141.0 x 11.4 (32)strips: 153.6 x 12.4 (32) strips: 357.8 x 28.4 (64)strips: 474.2 x 37.7 (64) 15.061839.81524.22438.12019.8 ring1 strips: 3548.7 x 28.4 (54)strips: 462.1 x 37.7 (54) 12.30297.6246.6324.3268.61491.11235.31976.11637.0 possible 1468.41926.4 split gap: ring 4 and 5 split gaps: ring 2 and 3 + ring 6.and 7 no split gaps RPC dimensions all units in mm (except theta) strip length and width consider full acceptance in theta and phi in the octants (i.e. no loss due to readout and boxes) strip widths are determined at the outer radius of two paired rings

30 A.M. Glenn 23rd WWND 30 Trigger Rate and Rejection HQ signal  momentum dist. At vs=200 GeV 50 25 Momentum GeV/c P T >10GeV/c P T >20GeV/c W signal REAL DATA Need Momentum Selectivity in the LVL-1 Trigger!

31 A.M. Glenn 23rd WWND 31 Existing MuID Level-1 Trigger Logical tubes formed by OR of physical tubes across panels in each gap. The most probable trajectory for a vertex muon striking a gap-1 logical tube is to continue on a path of equal dx/dz (vertical tubes) or dy/dz (horizontal tubes). Tubes w/ the same dx/dz (or dy/dz) get the same index. Rejection Factor ~500 @ 200 GeV/c

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