1. MIS 430 - Chapter 101 MIS 430 – Chapter Ten How The Internet Works

2. MIS 430 - Chapter 102 I. How the Internet Works Structure: Hierarchical (Fig 10.1 p.334) –National ISP (Sprint, Ameritech) NAP: Network Access Point –Regional ISP (Verizon, BellSouth, Earthlink) MAE: Metropolitan Area Exchange –Local ISP (ABCS, Joink, ISU) –Customer (You!) Some large customers (e.g., IU) are also Local ISPs with thousands of customers

3. MIS 430 - Chapter 103 Structure Who owns the Internet? –No longer the US government –Internet=Network of Networks Charges –End customer pays only for the connection, not the data transferred (this could change) –National ISPs charge regional ISPs, Regional ISP charges local ISP, etc.

4. MIS 430 - Chapter 104 Connecting to an ISP See figure 10-2 p. 335: ISP Point of Presence: collapsed BN –For individuals: dial-up PPP via telephone to modem pool or broadband (DSL/cable) –Companies: T1, T3, OC-3, ATM, etc. Remote Access Server (RAS) is authentication device: user name & PW –ISU uses Unix and Kerberos security software Note: ISP must also connect to the Internet (NAP)

5. MIS 430 - Chapter 105 Mgt Focus 10-1: Chicago NAP One of busiest NAPs in the world! –http://nap.aads.net/main.htmlhttp://nap.aads.net/main.html –SBC operates this NAP web site for over 140 ISP customers –Cost is $3900/mo (DS3) plus leased line to Chicago NAP from their closest POP Cisco ATM switches handle > 3.0 Gbps traffic at peak times

6. MIS 430 - Chapter 106 National ISPs See fig 10-4 p. 338 for Sprint North American Internet backbone –Sprint runs at OC-12 and plans to move some circuits to OC-192 (10 Gbps) Some run at OC-768 (80 Gbps) with some planning for OC-3072 (160 Gbps) http://www.caida.org/tools/visualization/ mapnet/ click Run Mapnet and then choose ISP to see nethttp://www.caida.org/tools/visualization/ mapnet/

7. MIS 430 - Chapter 107 II. Internet Access Technologies DSL: Digital Subscriber Line (several stds) –See fig 10-5 p. 339 for DSL architecture: point to point –Uses regular phone line that must be split into 3 channels via FDM: Voice, Download, Upload either outside house or at each telephone device –DSL “modem” connects inside via RJ-45 cable (or USB on some units) –Some DSL routers also do DSL modem work (like my new Westell 327w)

8. MIS 430 - Chapter 108 Types of DSL ADSL=Asymmetric DSL (diff up and down) –Tradeoff between speed and distance –T1 (G.Lite) Distance: 18,000 feet (~3 miles) Max speed: 1.5 Mbps down, 384 Kbps up –T2: Distance 12,000 feet, speed up to 6.1 Gbps down VDSL Very High Data Rate DSL via Fiber Optic –<4500 feet (13 Mbps) down to 1000 feet (55 Mbps) –Upstream rates are lower DSL Lite: future, splitterless, therefore easier to install ; one-third speed of DSL and cheaper

9. MIS 430 - Chapter 109 DSL References www.adsl.com DSL Forum (drill down)www.adsl.com www.verizon.net - Local DSL infowww.verizon.net Package 1 st month free if ordered online; $30 $351.5 M down 500 K upload Package 2 If ordered with Verizon calling package $301.5 M500 K

10. MIS 430 - Chapter 1010 Cable Modems Digital service offered by cable TV firms –Std: DOCSIS for shared multi-point service serving 300-1000 cable customers (not all data) –See fig 10-8 p. 342 for architecture: line splitter like DSL (-> TV and -> cable modem not DSL) Coaxial cable to customer; fiber upstream All messages go to all computers on the circuit Requires massive rebuilding of cable TV system

11. MIS 430 - Chapter 1011 Cable Modems Cable modem speeds: faster than DSL –Downstream: 27-55 Mbps; usually 1.5-2 Mbps –Upstream: 2-10 Mbps; usually 0.2-2 Mbps Many standards exist; not yet widespread Terre Haute –local cable modem service just starting RoadRunner $45/month + installation –http://www.rr.com/rdrun/http://www.rr.com/rdrun/

12. MIS 430 - Chapter 1012 Fixed Wireless Wireless DSL: up to 1.5 Mbps line of sight –Joink.com http://www.joink.com/services.asphttp://www.joink.com/services.asp –Service map: http://www.joink.com/wirelesschart.asp?city=Terre+Haute http://www.joink.com/wirelesschart.asp?city=Terre+Haute –Avoids telephone company; requires antenna Satellite Wireless: 1.5-11 Mbps –Satellite downstream, telephone upstream

13. MIS 430 - Chapter 1013 Mobile Wireless Cellular wireless WLAN technologies (802.11b, Bluetooth, 802.11, 802.11g proposed) WAP – Wireless Application Protocol –Supports mobile Internet applications –Client: mobile phone, PDA, laptop –WAP proxy relays information from Internet

14. MIS 430 - Chapter 1014 Future Technologies Passive Optical Networking (PON) –Fiber to the home - split into different channels –Replaces separate traditional copper lines coming into the neighborhood Ethernet to the Home: also fiber based –Pilot by Yipes.com: TCP/IP router in home/ofcYipes.com –Creates an Ethernet network in home @ 10 or 100 Mbps up to 1 Gbps on fiber optic cable

15. MIS 430 - Chapter 1015 III. Internet Governance ISOC: Internet Society –www.isoc.org Any member can vote on issueswww.isoc.org IETF: Internet Engineering Task Force –www.ietf.org Internet architecture issueswww.ietf.org IESG: Internet Engineering Steering Group –Responsible for technical management & stds IAB: Internet Architecture Board –Strategic architecture oversight; appoints IETF, IESG IRTF: Internet ResearchTask Force

16. MIS 430 - Chapter 1016 Internet 2 Next generation version: much faster! –SONET and ATM OC-48 circuits: 2.4 Gbps –SONET and ATM OC-12 circuits: 622 Mbps Most run on IPv6 rather than IPv4 Gigapops – Gigabit Points of Presence Designed to allowing experimenting with new protocols

17. MIS 430 - Chapter 1017 Internet 2 Information www.internet2.org www.vbns.org www.ucaid.edu/abilene