1. uses of research connecting with readers 1 Researchers and Readers

2. 2 Questions from –an interest to a topic –a broad topic to a narrow one –narrowed topics to questions –a question to its significance –questions to problems

3. 2 Questions (cont) from –an interest to a topic –a broad topic to a narrow one –narrowed topics to questions –a question to its significance –questions to problems

4. Finding a research problem the common structure of problems the problem of the problem from question to sources

5. Information in libraries information from people bibliographical trails what you find

6. Using Sources secondary sources reading critically full notes help

7. 3 Making a claim and supporting it making good arguments conversations and arguments claims and evidence warrants qualification

8. Claims and Evidence making strong claims using plausible claims to guide the research offering reliable evidence using evidence to develop and organize the paper (taxonomy of contradictions)

9. Warrants the basis of our belief and reasoning what do the warrants look like quality of warrants challenges qualification

10. Review qualifying the argument building a complete argument argument as a guide to research and reading (strong Feelings)

11. 4 Drafting pre-drafting –preliminaries to drafting –planning organization (4 traps) –a plan for drafting

12. creating a revisable draft the pitfall to avoid at all costs the last steps quotation and paraphrase

13. Communicating evidence visually visual or verbal general principles of construction controlling the rhetorical impact of a visual connecting words and pictures scientific visualization illustrations making the logic of your organization visible using visual forms as an aid to thinking

14. Introductions three elements of an introduction state the problem create a common ground of shared understanding unsettle the common ground with your statement of the problem state your response fast or slow? the whole introduction