1. Monroe L. Weber-Shirk S chool of Civil and Environmental Engineering WFP Slideshow Photos from Water For People Projects Courtesy of Jody Camp Photos from Water For People Projects Courtesy of Jody Camp

2. Overview ä The need The need ä Springs Springs ä Transmission line Transmission line ä Surveying Surveying ä Trench Trench ä Laying Pipe Laying Pipe ä Crossing ravines Crossing ravines ä Pressure break tanks Pressure break tanks ä Air release valves Air release valves ä The need The need ä Springs Springs ä Transmission line Transmission line ä Surveying Surveying ä Trench Trench ä Laying Pipe Laying Pipe ä Crossing ravines Crossing ravines ä Pressure break tanks Pressure break tanks ä Air release valves Air release valves ä ä Valve boxes Valve boxes ä ä Storage Tanks Storage Tanks ä ä Distribution System Distribution System ä ä Community Training Community Training ä ä Supplies Supplies

3. The need ä Unprotected springs and seeps ä Long walks to carry water ä Parasites… ä Unprotected springs and seeps ä Long walks to carry water ä Parasites…

4. Nicaraguan Mother and Child at Unprotected Spring

5. Collecting Water from a Seep

6. Parasites

7. Guatemala Unprotected Spring

8. Guatemalan Boy at Unprotected Spring

9. Springs ä Cleaning ä Collecting water using perforated pipes ä Protecting by building a catchment box ä Cleaning ä Collecting water using perforated pipes ä Protecting by building a catchment box

10. Removing Rocks from a Spring

11. Perforated Pipe Leading to the Catchment Tank

12. Long Spring Box with a Perforated Pipe Valve box Small Storage Tank Perforated Pipe

13. Plastering the Spring Box Vent pipe Drain pipe for Valve Box Transmission line

14. Completed Spring Box

15. Finished Spring Box

16. Water collector box for two springs Why two pipes?

17. Formwork for the Spring Box

18. Wood Forms for the Spring Box

19. Spring Capture Box

20. Small Spring Box

21. Protected Spring Covered with Concrete

22. Spring catchment chamber protected by a chain link fence

23. Spring Box

24. Valve Box Dam Overflow (spillway) Drain Line for reservoir Transmission Line

25. Stream Catchment Tank Valve Box Dam Overflow (spillway) Transmission Line

26. ä Surveying Surveying ä Trench Trench ä Laying Pipe Laying Pipe ä Crossing ravines Crossing ravines ä Pressure break tanks Pressure break tanks ä Air release valves Air release valves ä Surveying Surveying ä Trench Trench ä Laying Pipe Laying Pipe ä Crossing ravines Crossing ravines ä Pressure break tanks Pressure break tanks ä Air release valves Air release valves

27. Topographic Survey

28. Topographic survey

29. Digging the Trench

30. Trenches Ready for the Pipes

31. Transmission Line Tubing

32. Joining the Pipes

33. Covering the Pipes with Sifted Soil

34. Ravine Crossings Using Galvanized Pipes

35. River Crossing

36. Break Pressure Tank

38. Air Release Valve

39. Valve boxes

40. Tanks ä Round ä Rectangular ä Elevated ä Round ä Rectangular ä Elevated

41. Circular Distribution Tank

42. Distribution Tank

43. Circular Distribution Tank

44. Wood Forms and Rebar for Building a Water Storage Tank

45. Building an 8 m 3 Storage Tank

46. Finished 8 m 3 Storage Tank

47. Storage Tank Water Overflow Distribution Main

48. Wall Forms for Tank

49. Concrete Lid of the Storage Tank

50. Foundation and Formwork for an Elevated Tank

51. Distribution System ä Distribution Lines ä House connections ä Tap Stand ä Community Hand Washing Station ä Distribution Lines ä House connections ä Tap Stand ä Community Hand Washing Station

52. Distribution Lines

53. House Connection

54. Tap Stand

55. Piling up Rocks for a Hand Washing Station?

56. Community Washing Station

57. Household Meter

58. The Joy of Water

59. Training and Meetings

60. Training Session on Handling Water and Cleaning House

61. Training As Operators on Plumbing Issues

62. Work Evaluation Meeting by Technicians and the Community

63. Planning Meeting Near the Site of the Spring: (4300 m altitude)

64. Water Quality Testing

65. Loading Cement on a Truck

66. Transporting Sand and Cement to the Spring