1. Nanoscale Self-Assembly A Computational View Philip Kuekes Quantum Science Research HP Labs

2. What’s Cooking? Everybody likes Recipes

3. Invent a new switching device Develop a new fabrication process Examine Architecture First Two Challenges for Nanoelectronics

4. HPL Teramac multi-architecture computer 10 6 gates operating at 10 6 cycle/sec 100 times workstation performance Largest defect-tolerant computer ever built 220,000 (3%) defective components

5. Defect Theology Original Sin Redemption Through Good Works Guilt by Association

6. Redundant Testing PASS FAIL PASS FAIL PASS

7. Defect Tolerance for Free CMOS Technology – Configuration bit >20 x wire crossing area Molecular Technology – Configuration bit smaller than wire crossing

8. Teramac Crossbar Architecture Memory 0 Switch Teramac crossbar

9. O O O N N N O O O N N N O O O O O O O O O O 4PF 6 - CH 2 OH + + + + Rotaxane Molecular Switch -Prof. Fraser Stoddart, UCLA C.P. Collier, E.W. Wong et al.

10. Experimental Realization of a Molecular-Tunneling Switch Ti Pt Device = Molecule + Electrodes

11. Moletronics Architecture Wires Memories Logic Integrated Circuits

12. Crossbar at 17 nm half-pitch width Smallest virus 30-42 nm hepatitis B

13. Parallel ErSi 2 wires grown by self-assembly 2 nm width with a nine nanometer separation

14. Logic Array Design U V W X Y Z abab cdcd efef Y = (U AND V) OR (W AND X) Z = V+ C = V-

15. MOLECULAR SWITCH LATCH: EXPT DATA D Data input Clock / control C1 C2 Q Data out SW1SW2 E RESET SET 1 SET 2 ENABLE RESTORE & INVERT

16. Expt: Latch works! Signal restoration Inversion, if desired >100mV operating margin No nanoscale transistor! J. Appl. Phys. Feb 1, 2005

17. Random Demultiplexer

18. C OH O H 3 C Pt TiAl Pt TiAl SiO 2 Pt Ti Al V LB Si ‘C 2 0 ’ 2002 2003 1 64 2004 1 k (ITRS 2018) NAND 16 k 2005 HP crossbar switches & circuits

19. How does a Molecular Computer Grow Up? Conventional Computer Teacher Low Bandwidth Link Initially Stupid Molecular Student

20. I Get By With A Little Help From My Friends Tutors Doctors

21. Complexity Self Assembly & Thermodynamics Arbitrary Graphs

22. Tradeoffs C ost of doing the chemistry C ost of doing the computing

23. The Pure and the Grubby

24. - Expanders - Cayley Graphs - Ramanujan Graphs The Math

26. Today Physical Scientists can only do very simple self-assembly Mathematicians can create interesting complex structures with very simple generators

27. The new capability Combine the simple physical processes with the mathematical constructions Nanoscale self-assembled systems with enough complexity to do useful computation.

28. The Physics Self-Assembled DNA Nanostructures Self-Assembled Surface Chemistry Viral Self-Assembly Molecular Electronic Circuit Assembly DNA-linked Nano-particle Structures

29. The Math Advantages of Simple Construction amenable to self-assembly short explicit description highly-connected sparse

30. Physical Structures Not Just Abstract Graphs defect-tolerance efficiently embedded in three-dimensional space relatively short edge-lengths.

31. Local rules Global structure Algorithmic Manufacturing

32. Computer Code Biology Chemistry, Physics, Materials Science Feedback and the Way Forward

33. Computer Code Biology Chemistry, Physics, Materials Science Reaction Diffusion Feedback and the Way Forward

34. Stealing from Biology

35. DNA and Proteins versus Cells Logic Design as Geometry Spatial Structure Controlled diffusion Compartments as wires

36. Organelles

37. Garbage Collection Ubiquitin Apoptosis Mass transport

38. The Best of Both Worlds Self-assembly Adaptive External Programming Self-disassembly

39. Tradeoffs C ost of doing the chemistry C ost of doing the computing