1. Chapter 4 Atmospheric and Oceanic Circulation
Elemental Geosystems 5e
Robert W. Christopherson
Charles E. Thomsen

3. Atmospheric and Oceanic Circulation
Wind Essentials  
Driving Forces Within the Atmosphere  
Atmospheric Patterns of Motion  
Oceanic Currents  

4. Wind Essentials Air Pressure and Its Measurement
Wind: Description and Measurement  
Global Winds  

5. Barometers
Figure 4.2

6. Air Pressure Readings
Figure 4.3

7. Wind Vane and Anemometer
Figure 4.4

8. Wind Portrait of the Pacific Ocean
Figure 4.6

9. Driving Forces Within the Atmosphere
Pressure Gradient Force  
Coriolis Force  
Friction Force  

10. Pressure Gradient
Figure 4.7

11. Pressure + Coriolis + Friction = Wind
Figure 4.8

12. Coriolis Force
Figure 4.9

13. 500-mb Pressure Map
Figure 4.10

14. Atmospheric Patterns of Motion
Primary High-Pressure and Low-Pressure Areas  
Upper Atmospheric Circulation  
Multi-year Oscillations in Global Circulation
Local Winds  
Monsoonal winds  

15. Global Barometric Pressure
Figure 4.11a

16. Global Barometric Pressure
Figure 4.11b

17. Primary High-Pressure and Low-Pressure Areas
Equatorial Low-Pressure Trough
Polar High-Pressure Cells
Subtropical High-Pressure Cells
Subpolar Low-Pressure Cells

18. Subtropical High-Pressure Cells
Westerlies
Bermuda High
Azores High
Pacific High
Figure 4.14

19. General Atmospheric Circulation
Figure 4.13a

20. General Atmospheric Circulation
Figure 4.13b

21. Rossby Waves
Figure 4.16

22. Jet Streams
Figure 4.17

23. Local Winds
Land-Sea Breezes
Mountain-Valley Breezes
Katabatic Winds

24. Land-Sea Breezes
Figure 4.18

25. Mountain-Valley Breezes
Figure 4.19

26. The Asian Monsoon
Figure 4.20

27. Oceanic Currents Surface Currents Upwelling and Downwelling Flows
Thermohaline Circulation―The Deep Currents  

28. Major Ocean Currents
Figure 4.21

29. Pacific Ocean Currents
Figure 4.3.1

30. Thermohaline Circulation
Figure 4.22

31. Elemental Geosystems 5e
End of Chapter 4
Elemental Geosystems 5e
Robert W. Christopherson
Charlie Thomsen