1. Session VI Security Sector Governance in Kosovo Kosovo Internal Security Sector Review (ISSR)

2. Session Objectives
To develop participant understanding of the purpose, scope and methodology of the ISSR in order to appreciate their personal and institutional role.

3. Session Plan The background to the ISSR The main components of an ISSR
ISSR Process methodology
ISSR Management Structure
SSR Rationale/principles
Kosovo Issues
Questions/Syndicate work

4. Background Security Sector Governance Kosovo 2004/5
Reserved Powers/UNMIK; K-FOR/ I/C
Feb 05 – SSDAT Fact Finding Mission
April 05 – SSDAT Scoping mission
June 05 – Press Briefing
End July 05 – Official Launch

5. Reminder! What is the Security Sector?
Governance & Oversight mechanisms
Govt depts – Interior, Defence, Foreign Affairs, Finance, Justice & others
Uniformed services – military, police, emergency services, prisons, customs and immigration
Intelligence, Judicial system
Private Security Companies
Non state Para-military forces
Civil Society/NGO’s

6. Key Stages Conduct Strategic Environment Review
Determine Threats (Threat Analysis)
Develop Internal Security Policy Framework
Develop Institutional/Agency Policy Framework
Conduct Gap Analysis
Establish Development Strategy
Cost and Confirm Affordability
Implement Security Sector Development Strategies

7. Strategic Environment Review
Purpose:
To develop rational reasonable views of the future (the vision)
Approach:
Identify key factors: political, social, economic that will shape country’s future
Agree best case, worst case and most probable scenarios

8. Determine Threats
Identify range of threats to achieving best case scenario (might include governance, social and economic threats)
Agree impact and probability
Establish relative priority of national threats

9. Develop Internal Security Policy Framework
Identify which institution is responsible for addressing each threat
Identify areas requiring coordination and collaboration
Identify coordination mechanisms
Assess resource implications for each security framework option
Establish governance principles

10. Develop Institutional/Agency Policy Framework
Identify capabilities required to meet threats
Establish vision and mission
Identify roles and tasks
Develop management principles
Complete organisation design
Establish linkages with other agencies

11. Conduct Gap Analysis
Establish current capability within each institution
Assess gap between current capability and agreed requirement
(Functional Review/institutional appraisal)

12. Establish Development Strategies
Develop implementation strategy to close the gap
Utilise technical and development expertise
Apply best practise in change management
Validate , amend and develop existing plans and programmes
Realism and affordability are key

13. Cost and Confirm Affordability
Establish development, capital and recurrent budget
Consult and Confirm Affordability
Review development strategy as required

14. Implement Security Sector Development Strategies
Needs visible political commitment and leadership
Support and ownership of relevant stakeholders
Clear responsibilities allocated
Effective Communication
Coordinated donor support
Implementation effectively monitored and managed

15. ISSR Process Designed to maximise Kosovan ownership through:
Broad stakeholder involvement
Consultation and participation
Consultative Groups and Outreach
(Including agency review)
Consult-Review-Validate each step
Workshops and ‘Town hall’ meetings

16. Management Structure ISSR Steering Committee (PISG/UNMIK)
Advisers to SC Members
ISSR Secretariat (Expert Team x 5)
OPM - Office of Public Safety
Sector experts/professionals as required
AUS, UNDP, KIPRED Consortium

17. Principles (OECD-DAC)
People-centred, locally owned and based on democratic norms and human rights principles and the rule of law, seeking to provide freedom from fear
Seen as a framework to structure thinking about how to address diverse security challenges facing states and their populations through more integrated development and security policies and through greater civilian involvement and oversight
Founded on activities with multi-sectoral strategies, based upon a broad assessment of the range of security needs of the people and the state

18. Principles (OECD-DAC)
Developed adhering to basic principles underlying public sector reform such as transparency and accountability
Implemented through clear processes and policies that aim to enhance the institutional and human capacity needed for security policy to function effectively

19. Principles (2) Kosovo Specific
High level management to direct the process – ISC and OPM - ISSRS
Empowered working group with broad representation – effective coordination and feedback mechanisms (Consultative groups)
Fully inclusive, promoting wide participation across government and society
Open and transparent process
Communication
Use of all available technical expertise as required

20. Principles (2) Continued
Encourage full participation by all stakeholders including the representative voices of the main ethnic groups within and outside the PISG, UNMIK and its institutions
Ensure that all communities share responsibility for participation in the ISSR process and ownership of its outcomes and the resulting security sector development programme
Achieve real consensus on all major issues and decisions so that both Kosovo Serbs and Kosovo Albanians are committed to the strategy and prepared to hold the authorities accountable for its implementation

21. Principles (2) Continued
Ensure throughout the process that key assumptions, decisions and plans are subject to validation by the widest stakeholder group possible through workshops, presentations, town-hall meetings; media and public relations campaigns
Deliver locally appropriate solutions building on current initiatives, utilising existing data and drawing on local expertise
Make capacity building an integral part of the process so that those engaged in the ISSR can manage and influence long term development strategies
Make the maintenance of standards, accountability and affordability the cornerstones of the ISSR process and the subsequent SSDP

22. Kosovo Issues The ‘I’ in ISSR Incentives Final Status Neighbours
The International Community
Political Economy

23. Questions Is the value of this exercise clear to you?
What general concerns to you have?
What do think are the main strengths and weaknesses of the ISSR?
What can be done to address any weaknesses?
How will you personally contribute to a successful outcome?