1. Previously in Chem104: Standard Reduction Table (trends) Balancing Redox Equations (#1-easy) (#2-harder) Why the Correct Oxidation State Matters Today in Chem104: It’s not all about Batteries: The Great Cycle of Energy Not at Standard? Membrane Potentials

2. Electron Transfer Reactions: NOT only for Metals! NOT only about batteries! Biology Is Run By Electron Transfer

3. 5 Large Protein Complexes in Respiration

4. 5 Complexes in Respiration Do Electron Transport Using Electron Transfer Reactions (and pump H+ and make ATP…) http://student.ccbcmd.edu/~gkaiser/biotutorials/energy/fg5.html

5. Detailed View of One Complex

6. The Great Cycle of Energy Derived like this:

7. The Great Cycle of Energy GG EK eq  G = -RTlnK  G = -n F E rxn lnK = (nF/RT)E rxn

8. The Great Cycle of Energy Explains membrane potential ….. But first, we have to deal with Non-Standard Conditions: concentrations ≠ 1.0 M Keyword: Nernst

9. TABLE OF STANDARD REDUCTION POTENTIALS E o (V) Cu 2+ + 2e-  Cu+0.34 I2I2 + 2e-  2 I-+0.53 Zn 2+ + 2e-  Zn-0.76 stronger reducing ability Ag + + e-  Ag+0.80 Fe 3+ + e-  Fe+0.77 2+ Pb 2+ + 2e-  Pb-0.13 Fe 3+ + 2e-  Fe-0.04 Al 3+ + 3e-  Al-1.66Na + + e-  Na+2.71 K + + e-  K+2.93 2 H + + 2e-  H 2 0.00 stronger oxidizing ability

10. The Great Cycle of Energy and Neuron Membrane Potentials The ideas covered in Chapter 20 can be extended to understand a crucial concept in neurobiology, neurotransmittors and brain activity: membrane potential which is the electrical potential across a nerve axon cell membrane.

11. The Great Cycle of Energy and Neuron Membrane Potentials

12. The Great Cycle of Energy and Neuron Membrane Potentials

13. K Channels: what they look like