1. Berkeley-Illinois-Maryland Assoc. (BIMA) Array CO J=1-0 Survey M. Meixner (STScI) Collaborators: Fong, Justtanont,Sutton, Welch, Zalucha Background/motivation Observations Models Summary

2. Conclusions Observed features: expanding shells, protrusions, collimated outflows, rotation Kinematic trichotomy: -simple expansion with protrusions found in elliptical (SOLE) PPN -expansion + collimated outflows found in bipolar (DUPLEX) PPN -expansion + rotation (new class) Mass loss histories

3. Motivations for CO J=1-0 Best tracer of molecular gas mass AGB mass loss is predominantly molecular Kinematics in proto-planetary nebulae (0.5 km/s) Toughest molecule w.r.t. photodissociation => probes outer regions CO

4. V exp V0V0 V 0 -V exp V 0 +V exp V0V0 Jy V0V0 V 0 -V exp V 0 +V exp V exp

6. Observations Millimeter interferometry with the BIMA array Combined with single dish maps from the NRAO 12 m Full synthesis maps provide –Spectral resolution 1 km/s, coverage 128 km/s –0.5" to 200" scale sizes

7. Three kinematic signatures I.Simple expansion: IRC+10216 (Fong), IRAS 22272+5435, HD179821, HD 161796, HD 56126, IRAS 21282+5050 II.Expansion + collimated outflows: AFGL 2688, NGC 7027, AFGL 618 III.Expansion + rotation: Mira, 89 Her, Red Rectangle (Doering)

8. IRAS 22272+5435

11. HD 179821

14. HD 161796

17. Simple expansion: PPN show protrusions but no outflows to create them. How did they form?

18. Egg Nebula / AFGL 2688

22. NGC 7027

26. Expansion + collimated outflows Velocity of collimated outflow is faster than the expansion velocity of the envelope (AFGL 2688 and NGC 7027) Collimated outflows or bullets?

27. Mira

29. 89 Her

31. Expansion + rotation Rotation? Or low velocity bipolar outflow? Expansion velocity of the envelope is greater than the rotation/bipolar velocity (Mira, 89 Her) In either case, they are kinematically distinct from expansion + collimated outflow

32. HD 56126

34. HD 56126: Models & Observ. Parameter Value D2.4 kpc R in 3.6×10 16 cm R out 2.5×10 17 cm R SW 1.3×10 17 cm V exp 11 km s -1 CO/H 2 1.1×10 -3 dM AGB /dt5×10 -6 M O yr -1 dM SW /dt3×10 -5 M O yr -1 M gas /M dust 800

35. Conclusions Observed features: expanding shells, protrusions, collimated outflows, rotation Kinematic trichotomy: -simple expansion with protrusions found in elliptical (SOLE) PPN -expansion + collimated outflows found in bipolar (DUPLEX) PPN -expansion + rotation (new class) Mass loss histories

37. V exp -V exp V0V0 V 0 -V exp V 0 +V exp V0V0 Jy V0V0 V 0 -V exp V 0 +V exp