1. How“Aphasia Is Different For Everybody.” APHASIA DEFINED - “Aphasia is different for everybody.” Ginny Anguish

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3. How To Make Each Therapy Activity Truly Therapeutic for Aphasia - 1 “Each of us has his or her own distinct personality.” Gladwell Outliers

4. How To Make Each Therapy Activity Truly Therapeutic for Aphasia - 2 Each of us has, “...tendencies and assumptions and reflexes handed down to us by the history of the community we grew up in, and these differences are extraordinarily specific.” Gladwell, Outliers

5. How To Make Each Therapy Activity Truly Therapeutic for Aphasia- 3 Make sure that metaphasia has been established so that the patient has clear insight into what needs to be done.

6. How To Make Each Therapy Activity Truly Therapeutic for Aphasia - 4 Work with sentences not individual words as often as possible even when working on morphological and phonological (speech sounds) elements of language.

7. How To Make Each Therapy Activity Truly Therapeutic for Aphasia - 5 Obtain lots and lots of self-generated patient neural flows - utterances and/or sentences.

8. How To Make Each Therapy Activity Truly Therapeutic for Aphasia - 6 Make sure the patient practices out loud, especially when he/she is alone. This may be the single most important element to ensure automatic carryover.

9. How To Make Each Therapy Activity Truly Therapeutic for Aphasia - 7 Combine angles (reading, writing, gesture, typing, pragmatics) as often as possible. The Aphasia Sight Reader and Verbal Working Memory and Attention Training software programs used by subscribers to www.aphasiatoolbox.com is an excellent tool for helping to accomplish this.www.aphasiatoolbox.com

10. How To Make Each Therapy Activity Truly Therapeutic for Aphasia - 8 Have the patient create or at least be very involved in the design of his/her own materials/stimuli for practice.

11. How To Make Each Therapy Activity Truly Therapeutic for Aphasia - 9 Simultaneously build cognitive underpinnings for conversation such as verbal working memory, sustained and alternating attention skills, self awareness, and mental resource allocation.

12. How To Make Each Therapy Activity Truly Therapeutic for Aphasia - 10 When appropriate, provide quick, clean, diverse and descriptive feedback.

13. 13 How To Make Each Therapy Activity Truly Therapeutic for Aphasia - 11 Get patient practicing independently for at least several hours everyday with coaching and independently. 13

14. 14 How To Make Each Therapy Activity Truly Therapeutic for Aphasia - 12 Use complexity training. 14

15. 15 How To Make Each Therapy Activity Truly Therapeutic for Aphasia - 13 Make sure that technology tools SEAR simple to use effective affordable responsive to patient change 15