2. Clear & Cole, American Corrections, 6 th Chapter 11 The Prison Experience

3. Clear & Cole, American Corrections, 6 th “prisonization” (Donald Clemmer)  the process by which a new inmate absorbs the customs of prison society and learns to adapt to the prison environment definition

4. Clear & Cole, American Corrections, 6 th “degradation ceremony”  a conspicuous ritual that is played out in various stages of the criminal jsutice process that is designed to degrade, dehumanize, & humiliate an individual. By design or effect, it informs an inmate/criminal that s/he is “outside” of & beneath society, that s/he is no longer regarded as honest, honorable, trustworthy, upright, & good. definition

5. Clear & Cole, American Corrections, 6 th adjusting to prison society customsroles values language inmate “subculture”

6. Clear & Cole, American Corrections, 6 th “Inmate code”  a set of rules of conduct that reflect the values and norms of the prison social system and help to define (for inmates) the image of the “model” prisoner definition

7. Clear & Cole, American Corrections, 6 th Gresham Sykes’ inmate code don’t trust the guards don’t weaken; be tough don’t quarrel with inmates don’t interfere with inmate interests don’t exploit inmates inmate code

8. Clear & Cole, American Corrections, 6 th inmate social system: prison roles ‘right guy’ upholder of inmate values ‘square John’ non-criminal self concept ‘punk’ passive homosexual ‘rat’ squeals or sells out to authorities ‘hustler’ entrepreneur, supplies goods & services basic inmate roles

9. Clear & Cole, American Corrections, 6 th how inmates “adapt” to prison adaptive roles “doing time” prison = brief interruption in criminal career; stay comfortable “jailing” cut selves off from outside; develop a life, power, influence in prison; “disorganized criminal” can’t develop any of the other three roles; often disabled; cannot adjust to prison life; develops emotional disorders “gleaning” exploit prison programs & opportunities; try to succeed

10. Clear & Cole, American Corrections, 6 th major prison gangs La Nuestra Familia Texas Syndicat e Aryan Brotherhoo d Mexican Mafia ‘La Eme’ Manding o Warriors Black Guerrilla Family

11. Clear & Cole, American Corrections, 6 th prison subculture: where does it come from?

12. Clear & Cole, American Corrections, 6 th Bases of inmate violence AGE youth, machismo, identity key factors ATTITUDE subculture of violence RACE convict code, gangs

13. Clear & Cole, American Corrections, 6 th causes of prison violence inadequate supervision by staff & inmate-staff relations high level of tension caused by close quarters architectural design, including size & condition housing dangerous & nondangerous inmates together easy availability of deadly weapons main causes

14. Clear & Cole, American Corrections, 6 th strategies for reducing violence in prison  improve classification separate violence-prone inmates from others  create opportunities for fearful inmates to seek staff assistance  increase custody staff size, diversity, training  redesign facilities improve surveillance; eliminate ‘blind spots’ use smaller institutions  install grievance mechanisms or ombudsman  augment rewards system to reduce pains of imprisonment

15. Clear & Cole, American Corrections, 6 th “unit management”  organizational tactic for reducing prison violence by dividing facilities into a number of small, self- contained, semi-autonomous ‘institutions’ definition