1. Danmarks Tekniske Videncenter / Technical Knowledge Center of Denmark Danmarks Tekniske Universitet / Technical University of Denmark DORSDL Workshop, 21 September 2006 Development of Services in the Fedora Service Framework by Gert Schmeltz Pedersen gsp@dtv.dk

2. DORSDL Workshop, 21 September 2006 2 Development of Services in the Fedora Service Framework Contents –The Fedora Service Framework –The Fedora Generic Search Service –Considerations about a Peer-to-Peer Service for Fedora –Conclusion

3. DORSDL Workshop, 21 September 2006 3 The Fedora Service Framework Services are stand-alone web applications that run independently of the Fedora repository Two main benefits to the service framework approach: –allows new functionality to be added as atomic, modular services that can interact with Fedora repositories, yet not be part of the repository, –makes co-development of new services for Fedora easier since each service can be independently developed and plugged into the framework. Flexible Extensible Digital Object Repository Architecture Powerful digital object model Extensible metadata management Expressive inter-object relationships

4. DORSDL Workshop, 21 September 2006 4 The Fedora Service Framework Fedora Object XML (FOXML) is a simple XML format that directly expresses the Fedora digital object model

5. DORSDL Workshop, 21 September 2006 5 Development of Services in the Fedora Service Framework The Fedora Generic Search Service –Background The DEF-XWS project Zebra at work Lucene in action –Approach and requirements –Current prototype (fedoragsearch) –Architectural snapshots –Configuration and customization –Further work –The work is funded by DEFF, Denmark's Electronic Research Library.DEFF, Denmark's Electronic Research Library

6. DORSDL Workshop, 21 September 2006 6 OAI Manager Full set Sub set Librarian DEF Portal User OAI Harvester Open Archives Initiative Data Providers MYSQLMYSQL Z39.50 OAI-PMH Eprint Service Provider Zebra server Web UI w/Z39.50 InfoNet User Zebra server Web UI w/Z39.50 EXPORTEXPORT Fedora server Zebra server Full text retrieval Batch ingest EXPORTEXPORT AppXYZ User DEF-XWS Eprints User SOAP/REST Web UI w/SOAP java Web UI w/REST php AppXYZ w/SOAP perl Background - DEF-XWS Eprints

7. DORSDL Workshop, 21 September 2006 7 Purpose achieved –Fedora hands-on and experience –web services hands-on and experience –DEF-XWS Eprints available from web services http://defxws.cvt.dk:8082/fedora/access/soap?wsdl http://defxws.cvt.dk:8082/fedora/accessDEF-XWS/soap?wsdl and to applications combining many web services Lesson –Do not override field search, –provide generic search service instead... Background - DEF-XWS Eprints

8. DORSDL Workshop, 21 September 2006 8 Zebra at work Features Zebra is provided as open source by Index Data. Written in portable C, so it runs on most Unix-like systems as well as Windows. Modules zebraidx and zebrasrv Searching supports a combination of boolean queries, relevance-ranking, truncation, masking, full regular expression matching and "approximate matching" (eg. spelling mistakes). Z39.50 protocol support, recently also SRW/SRU and CQL Configurable to understand many input formats... SGML, XML, ISO2709 (MARC), raw text. Arbitrarily complex records. Robust updating - records can be added and deleted “on the fly”. Very large databases: logical files can be automatically partitioned over multiple disks.

9. DORSDL Workshop, 21 September 2006 9 ”Lucene in Action” Figure 1.5 A typical application integration with Lucene Document Field dc.title:"Information retrieval" AND dc.creator:Staples http://lucene.apache.org/java/docs/queryparsersyntax.html

10. DORSDL Workshop, 21 September 2006 10 Approach and Requirements Do iterations of requirements analysis and prototype development allow various indexing-and-search engines to be configured or plugged in, initially Lucene and Zebra implement as a webapp within the Fedora Service Framework allow indexing of, and search in, all information in FOXML records for FedoraObjects, including full texts in datastreams and disseminator results define interface for a set of operations, provide REST and SOAP access basic operations: –updateIndex - indexing the contents of the Fedora repository –gfindObjects - search similar to Fedora findObjects secondary operations: –browseIndex - browsing terms in a given index. –getRepositoryInfo - describing the properties of a repository –getIndexInfo - describing the properties of an index allow multiple repositories to be indexed in one and the same index allow multiple indexes to be generated from one repository

11. DORSDL Workshop, 21 September 2006 11 Current prototype - updateIndex … Advanced FO Sample from Apache FOP Distribution Apache Group demo:21 FedoraObject Active FO_TO_PDFDOC Advanced FO Sample … Apache Group transformation

12. DORSDL Workshop, 21 September 2006 12 Current prototype - gfindObjects

13. DORSDL Workshop, 21 September 2006 13 Current prototype - gfindObjects

14. DORSDL Workshop, 21 September 2006 14 Current prototype - browseIndex

15. DORSDL Workshop, 21 September 2006 15 Current prototype - getRepositoryInfo

16. DORSDL Workshop, 21 September 2006 16 Current prototype - getIndexInfo

17. DORSDL Workshop, 21 September 2006 17 Architectural snapshots - basic- fedoragsearch Contents –Lucene –Zebra –fedoragsearch REST demo architecture installation and configuration further customizations

18. DORSDL Workshop, 21 September 2006 18 Architectural snapshots - indexing - many-to-many

19. DORSDL Workshop, 21 September 2006 19 Configuration and customization Configuration examples: fedoragsearch.properties - soapBase = http://HOSTPORT/fedoragsearch/services - repositoryNames = REPOSNAMES - indexNames = INDEXNAMES - mimeTypes = MIMETYPES INDEXNAME/index.properties - operationsImpl = dk.defxws.fgslucene.OperationsImpl - defaultQueryFields = dc.description dc.title REPOSNAME/repository.properties - soapBase = http://FEDORAHOSTPORT/fedora/services - fedoraObjectDir = FEDORAOBJECTDIR Customization examples: demoFoxmlToLucene.xslt demoGfindObjectsToHtml.xslt gfindObjects Implement plugin for XyzEngine

20. DORSDL Workshop, 21 September 2006 20 Further work From prototype to production version Clean up Give access Make better Exceptions and error messages Handle XACML Notification mechanism javaDoc Junit test cases Test on various platforms Documentation Ensuring that we obtain the same high quality as the Fedora code itself has Takeover by core development team Contributions from Fedora community

21. DORSDL Workshop, 21 September 2006 21 Development of Services in the Fedora Service Framework Considerations about a Peer-to-Peer Service for Fedora 1.The Background: Alvis utilization activities 2.The EU project: Alvis - Superpeer Semantic Search Engine 3.Analysis of alternatives 4.Design of a Peer-to-Peer service for Fedora

22. DORSDL Workshop, 21 September 2006 22 The Background: Alvis utilization activities The Alvis project is developing an open source prototype of a distributed, semantic-based search engine. An important consideration in the Alvis project has been how to utilize Alvis results in the Digital Library context. Therefore, a test case is established with the purpose to utilize Alvis results in the context of the Fedora repository system (the assumption is that the experience and some principles will be applicable to other digital library systems) The test plan for this test case has the following steps: 1.Analysis Alternative 1: a document enrichment service Alternative 2: a peer-to-peer service 2.Design of a peer-to-peer service for Fedora, so that Fedora may act as an Alvis superpeer 3.Involving the Fedora developer and user community 4.Implementation of the service 5.Evaluation of uses of the service

23. DORSDL Workshop, 21 September 2006 23 The Alvis EU project The initial tasks research in the design, use and interoperability of topic-specific search engines development of an open-source prototype of a distributed, semantic-based search engine building on content through automatic analysis of free text advancing peer-to-peer technology

24. DORSDL Workshop, 21 September 2006 24 The Alvis EU project input system can include a crawler, an RSS reader, XML database extraction, etc.input system document system does routine processing on documents prior to entry to the runtime system, such as tagging named entities.document system maintenance system does processing at the full document collection level to update linguistic and semantic resources used in the document system.maintenance system superpeer runs the search engine at a node and provides the user interface. This represents an individual, possibly topic specific search engine.superpeer p2p system provides a network-wide interface to a set of individual search engines using P2P.p2p system Document enrichment service semi-automatic tagging with semantic knowledge Peer-to-Peer service network-wide search Peer-to-peer (From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia) A peer-to-peer (or P2P) computer network is a network that relies primarily on the computing power and bandwidth of the participants in the network rather than concentrating it in a relatively low number of servers.networkbandwidth servers The P2P overlay network consists of all the participating peers as its nodes and has links between any two nodes that know each otheroverlay network Structured P2P networks overcome the limitations of unstructured networks by maintaining a Distributed Hash Table (DHT) and by allowing each peer to be responsible for a specific part of the content in the network.Distributed Hash Table

25. DORSDL Workshop, 21 September 2006 25 WP9 User interface WP7 Crawler WP5 Linguistic analysis WP2 Relevance analysis WP3 Indexing engine WP6 Resource acquisition Acquisition format Linguistic format Relevance format SRU/Z39.50 WP4 Peer- to-peer WP8 Chinese contribution Crawler, linguistic analysis and relevance analysis Analysis: Document enrichment service

26. DORSDL Workshop, 21 September 2006 26 Usage of enrichment elements

27. DORSDL Workshop, 21 September 2006 27 Analysis: Document enrichment service Functionality as a Fedora service Topic-specific crawling based on subject hierarchies Natural language analysis of content Entity recognition Classification of content Addition of synonyms Topic specific scores for customised rankings Too many partners/modules/subsystems involved Usages of enrichment not clarified

28. DORSDL Workshop, 21 September 2006 28 The initial vision A set of heterogeneous servers connected into a search network Each one is wrapped suitably, so as to act as Alvis Search Peers In this view, Fedora repositories may be wrapped as well. wrapper Analysis: Peer-to-Peer service

29. DORSDL Workshop, 21 September 2006 29 Design: alvisp2p service The alvisp2p service shall implement the interfaces IndexingQuery and Retrieval for interacting with the P2P system, and implement the necessary operations for interacting with the core Fedora repository service. Seen from the ALVIS view point we will then have a thin superpeer, seen from the Fedora view point we will have a Peer-to-Peer service.

30. DORSDL Workshop, 21 September 2006 30 Development of Services in the Fedora Service Framework Conclusion –Two examples of services illustrating the issues in developing services for the Fedora Service Framework Interaction with Fedora Reuse from Fedora Security –A promising development approach for Fedora –Promising in general for Digital Object Repository Systems in Digital Libraries? Thank you

31. DORSDL Workshop, 21 September 2006 31 For more information A Peer-to-Peer Architecture for Information Retrieval Across Digital Library Collections, Technical report LSIR-REPORT-2006-005, March 2006. Report on abstract model and P2P protocols, ALVIS Deliverable 4.1, 2006. Beyond term indexing: A P2P framework for Web information retrieval, submitted to thr Informatica journal, December 2005. Building a peer-to-peer full-text Web search engine with highly discriminative keys, Technical report LSIR-REPORT-2005-011, November 2005. Using a layered Markov model for distributed web rank computation, ICDCS 2005, Columbus, Ohio, U.S.A., June 2005. Towards A Common Framework for Peer-to-Peer Web Retrieval, Book Chapter of From Integrated Publication and Information Systems to Virtual Information and Knowledge Environments, EJN-Festschrift, Matthias Hemmje Ed., Springer LNCS 3379, November 2004. An Architecture for Peer-to-Peer Information Retrieval, in 27th Annual International ACM SIGIR Conference (SIGIR 2004), Workshop on Peer-to-Peer Information Retrieval, July, 2004. A Query-Adaptive Partial Distributed Hash Table for Peer-to-Peer Systems", in International Workshop on Peer-to-Peer Computing & DataBases (P2P&DB 2004), Crete, Greece, March 2004.

32. DORSDL Workshop, 21 September 2006 32 alvisp2p service scenario Logon to network Publish document list Publish index Publish query Receive local query Deliver local hit list Receive global hit list Logoff from network