1. Sameer Shende, Allen D. Malony {sameer,malony}@cs.uoregon.edu Computer & Information Science Department Computational Science Institute University of Oregon Integration and Application of the TAU Performance System in Parallel Java Environments

2. SMPAG Java Interest Group May 24, 2002 Java HPC and Performance Technology  Interest in performance tools for Java HPC  Shared- and distributed-memory parallelism  Multi-level (semantic) performance views  Java environment challenges performance technology  Language and packages  object-oriented, interfaces, RMI, reflection, …  Java Virtual Machine (JVM) execution model  thread mapping, scheduling, SMP execution, event access  Just-In-Time (JIT) compilation and dynamic loading  Java Native Interface (JNI)  inter-language execution, non-Java events / execution  Portability of performance tools and methods

3. SMPAG Java Interest Group May 24, 2002 Research Problems  General How to create robust and ubiquitous performance technology for the analysis and tuning of parallel high-performance software and systems in the presence of (evolving) complexity challenges?  Specific Can performance technology developed for use in HPC environments be successfully applied to parallel Java environments, and how are the new performance instrumentation, measurement, and analysis problems addressed?

4. SMPAG Java Interest Group May 24, 2002 Talk Outline  Java HPC and Performance Technology  TAU Performance System  Computation model for performance technology  TAU performance system toolkit  Target HPC Java Environment  SMP clusters and distributed computing  Multi-threading + MPI message passing  Integration (Adaption) of TAU Performance System  User-level, JVM-level, JNI-level, inter-language  Example “Mixed-Mode” Application  Conclusions

5. SMPAG Java Interest Group May 24, 2002 TAU Performance System  Tuning and Analysis Utilities  Performance system framework  scalable parallel and distributed HPC  Targets a general complex system computation model  nodes / contexts / threads  Multi-level: system / software / parallelism  Measurement and analysis abstraction  Integrated performance toolkit  instrumentation, measurement, analysis, visualization  Portable facility based on open software approach  Robust and widely applied

6. SMPAG Java Interest Group May 24, 2002 General Complex System Computation Model  Node: physically distinct shared memory machine  Message passing node interconnection network  Context: distinct virtual memory space within node  Thread: execution threads (user/system) in context memory Node VM space Context SMP Threads node memory … … Interconnection Network Inter-node message communication * * physical view model view   

7. SMPAG Java Interest Group May 24, 2002 TAU Performance System Framework EPILOG Paraver

8. SMPAG Java Interest Group May 24, 2002 Target HPC Java Environment  Hybrid, multi-language scientific applications  Java + {C, C++, Fortran} libraries  Numerical, system, communications support  Performance optimization  Mixed-mode parallelism  Multi-threaded shared memory parallelism  Distributed memory parallelism using communications  Cluster of SMP nodes  Scalable parallelism  Distributed

9. SMPAG Java Interest Group May 24, 2002 Performance Technology Issues  Object-oriented programming  Object-based performance analysis  High-level classes and performance mapping  Multi-level performance events  User / source / byte code / VM / OS / libraries / external  Multiple performance instrumentation strategies  Integration of performance measurements  Mixed-mode parallel computation  Multi-threading performance measurement  Cross-mode performance correspondence  Hybrid, multi-language performance measurement

10. SMPAG Java Interest Group May 24, 2002 Java Source-Level Instrumentation  TAU Java package  User-defined events  TAU.Profile class for new “timers”  Start/Stop  Performance data output at end

11. SMPAG Java Interest Group May 24, 2002 TAU Java Source Instrumentation Architecture  Any code section can be measured  Portability  Measurement options  Profiling, tracing  Limitations  Source access only  Lack of thread information  Lack of node information Java program TAU.Profile class (init, data, output) TAU package Profile database stored in JVM heap TAU as dynamic shared object JNI C bindings Profile DB JNI TAU

12. SMPAG Java Interest Group May 24, 2002 Multi-Threading Performance Measurement  General issues  Thread identity and per-thread data storage  Performance measurement support and synchronization  Fine-grained parallelism  different forms and levels of threading  greater need for efficient instrumentation  TAU general threading and measurement model  Common thread layer and measurement support  Interface to system specific libraries (reg, id, sync)  Target different thread systems with core functionality  Pthreads, Windows, Java, OpenMP

13. SMPAG Java Interest Group May 24, 2002 Virtual Machine Performance Instrumentation  Integrate performance system with VM  Captures robust performance data (e.g., thread events)  Maintain features of environment  portability, concurrency, extensibility, interoperation  Allow use in optimization methods  JVM Profiling Interface (JVMPI)  Generation of JVM events and hooks into JVM  Profiler agent (TAU) loaded as shared object  registers events of interest and address of callback routine  Access to information on dynamically loaded classes  No need to modify Java source, bytecode, or JVM

14. SMPAG Java Interest Group May 24, 2002 JVMPI Events  Method transition events  Memory events  Heap arena events  Garbage collection events  Class events  Global reference events  Monitor events  Monitor wait events  Thread events  Dump events  Virtual machine events

15. SMPAG Java Interest Group May 24, 2002 TAU Java JVM Instrumentation Architecture JVMPI Thread API Event notification Java program Profile DB JNI TAU  Robust set of events  Portability  Access to thread info  Measurement options  Limitations  Overhead  Many events  Event control  No user-defined events

16. SMPAG Java Interest Group May 24, 2002 Java Multi-Threading Performance (Test Case)  Profile and trace Java (JDK 1.2+) applications  Observe user-level and system-level threads  Observe events for different Java packages  /lang, /io, /awt, …  Test application  SciVis, NPAC, Syracuse University %./configure -jdk= % setenv LD_LIBRARY_PATH $LD_LIBRARY_PATH\: / /lib % java -XrunTAU svserver

17. SMPAG Java Interest Group May 24, 2002 TAU Profiling of Java Application (SciVis) Profile for each Java thread Captures events for different Java packages 24 threads of execution!

18. SMPAG Java Interest Group May 24, 2002 TAU Tracing of Java Application (SciVis) Performance groups Timeline display Parallelism view

19. SMPAG Java Interest Group May 24, 2002 Vampir Dynamic Call Tree View (SciVis) Per thread call tree Annotated performance Expanded call tree

20. SMPAG Java Interest Group May 24, 2002 Message Communications Performance  Explicit message communications libraries for Java  MPI performance measurement  MPI profiling interface - link-time interposition library  TAU wrappers in native profiling interface library  Send/Receive events and communication statistics  mpiJava (Syracuse, JavaGrande, 1999)  Java wrapper package  JNI C bindings to MPI communication library  Dynamic shared object (libmpijava.so) loaded in JVM  prunjava calls mpirun to distribute program to nodes  Contrast to Java RMI-based schemes (MPJ, CCJ)

21. SMPAG Java Interest Group May 24, 2002 TAU Java Instrumentation Architecture Java program mpiJava package Native MPI library  No source instrumentation  Portability  Measurement options  Limitations  MPI events only  No mpiJava events  Node info only  No thread info JNI TAU package Profile DB TAU MPI profiling interface TAU wrapper Native MPI library

22. SMPAG Java Interest Group May 24, 2002 Mixed-mode Parallel Programs (Java + MPI)  Java threads and MPI communications  Shared-memory multi-threading events  Message communications events  Unified performance measurement and views  Integration of performance mechanisms  Integrated association of performance events  thread event and communication events  user-defined (source-level) performance events  JVM events  Support for performance measurement scaling  Support for performance data access

23. SMPAG Java Interest Group May 24, 2002 Instrumentation and Measurement Cooperation  Problem  JVMPI doesn’t see MPI events (e.g., rank (node))  MPI profiling interfaces doesn’t see threads  Source instrumentation doesn’t see either!  Need cooperation between interfaces  MPI exposes rank, gets thread information  JVMPI exposes thread information, get rank  Source instrumentation gets both  Post-mortem matching of sends and receives  Selective instrumentation  java -XrunTAU:exclude=java/io,sun

24. SMPAG Java Interest Group May 24, 2002 JVMPI Thread API Event notification TAU Java Instrumentation Architecture Java program TAU package mpiJava package MPI profiling interface TAU wrapper Native MPI library Profile DB JNI TAU

25. SMPAG Java Interest Group May 24, 2002 Parallel Java Game of Life (Profile)  mpiJava testcase  4 nodes, 28 threads Thread 4 executes all MPI routines Merged Java and MPI event profiles Node 0 Node 1 Node 2

26. SMPAG Java Interest Group May 24, 2002 Parallel Java Game of Life (Trace)  Integrated event tracing  Merged trace viz  Node process grouping  Thread message pairing  Vampir display  Multi-level event grouping

27. SMPAG Java Interest Group May 24, 2002 Node / Thread Event Timeline  Temporal event behavior  Event relationships

28. SMPAG Java Interest Group May 24, 2002 Integrated Performance View (Callgraph)  Source level  MPI level  Java packages level

29. SMPAG Java Interest Group May 24, 2002 Conclusion  Integrate robust and portable performance system (TAU) in Java HPC environment  Apply performance system to observe multiple levels of Java HPC operation  Leverage performance system framework based on common performance measurement API  Key: define multi-level events and define associations  Opportunities for improvement and application  JVM instrumentation and JIT (dynamic compilation)  Runtime access to performance data  Java scientific packages, communication libraries (CCJ, MPJ, RMI), // compilers (JOMP), applications,..

30. SMPAG Java Interest Group May 24, 2002 More Information and Acknowledgments  URLs  TAU: www.cs.uoregon.edu/research/paracomp/tau  Grant support (TAU)  DOE 2000 ACTS  http://www-unix.mcs.anl.gov/DOE2000  http://www.nersc.gov/ACTS  DOE ASCI Level 3 (LANL, LLNL)  DARPA

31. SMPAG Java Interest Group May 24, 2002 TAU Distributed Monitoring Framework  Extend usability of TAU performance analysis  Access TAU performance data during execution  Framework model  each application context is a performance data server  monitor agent thread is created within each context  client processes attach to agents and request data  server thread synchronization for data consistency  pull mode of interaction  Distributed TAU performance data space  “A Runtime Monitoring Framework for the TAU Profiling System” (ISCOPE ‘99)

32. SMPAG Java Interest Group May 24, 2002 TAU Distributed Monitor Architecture  Each context has a monitor agent  Client in separate thread directs agent  Pull model of interaction TAU profile database

33. SMPAG Java Interest Group May 24, 2002 Java Implementation of TAU Monitor  Motivations  More portable monitor middleware system (RMI)  More flexible and programmable server interface (JNI)  More robust client development (EJB, JDBC, Swing)