1. Near-term Accelerator- Experiments Program Greg Bock Fermilab PAC Meeting Snowmass, June 2011

2. Outline Fermilab Schedule 2011-2018 Running Experiments Construction Projects Proposed Experiments Some Program Statistics Summary Concentrating on post-Tevatron period More details in upcoming talks 2

3. Accelerator Operations Schedule 3 AcceleratorExperimentFY2010FY2011FY2012FY2013FY2014FY2015 TevatronCDF Dec./Ana. Analysis TevatronDØ Dec./Ana. Analysis LHCCMS BoosterMiniBooNE35kW ShutDown80kW BoosterMicroBooNECD-1CD-2Shutdown80kW BoosterMu2eCD-0CD-1 BoosterMuon g-2 Main InjectorMINOS350kW Shutdown700kW Main InjectorMINERvA350kW Shutdown700kW Main InjectorNOvA ShutDown700kW Main InjectorLBNECD-0 CD-1CD-2 SY120SeaQuest ShutDown SY120Testbeam ShutDown Muon Test Area SCRF Test Facility Project XExperiments CD-0CD-1 CD-2 Non-AcceleratorCDMS (4kg) Non-AcceleratorCDMS (15kg) Non-AcceleratorCOUPP (4kg) Non-AcceleratorCOUPP (60kg) Comm. Non-AcceleratorDES Comm. Non-AcceleratorPierre Auger Preliminary schedule: R&D, Construction / Commissioning, Operation (under consideration) Accel. complex shutdow n

4. Timeline for Future Projects 4 AcceleratorExperimentFY2010FY2011FY2012FY2013FY2014FY2015FY2016FY2017FY2018 BoosterMicroBooNECD-1CD-2CD-3CD-4 BoosterMu2eCD-0CD-1CD-2 CD-3 BoosterMuon g-2 Main InjectorNOvA CD-4 Main InjectorLBNECD-0 CD-1CD-2 CD-3 Project XExperiments CD-0CD-1 CD-2CD-3 Non-AcceleratorDES CD-4 Preliminary schedule: R&D, Construction / Commissioning, Operation (under consideration) Four accelerator-based experiments coming online in the near-term period

5. Tevatron Experiments Going Strong! 5 Anticipated final datasets: 12 fb -1 delivered 10 fb -1 collected Scores of new results and PhD’s each year Results and analysis plans in upcoming talks

6. Intensity Frontier P. Oddone, PAC Meeting, June 22, 2011 6 MINOS MiniBooNE MINERvA SeaQuest NOvA MicroBooNE g-2 MINERvA MINOS SeaQuest Now 2016 NOvA g-2 LBNE Mu2e Project X+LBNE , K, nuclear, … Factory ?? 2013 2019 2022

7. Current Neutrino Program 7 FNAL has a very active program with 3 running experiments operating 4 detectors in 2 beamlines and at 2 sites Booster (8 GeV protons) - MiniBooNE - SciBooNE - MicroBooNE MINOS MiniBooNE MINERA Main Injector Tevatron NuMI (120 GeV protons) - MINOS - MINERA - ArgoNeuT - NOvA

8. Fermilab Neutrino Physics Program 1) Reveal the pattern of neutrino masses and mixings  What is the value of  13 ?  Is  23 maximal?  How are the masses ordered?  Is CP violated?  What are the neutrino masses?  Are neutrinos their own anti-particles? 1) Discover if the situation is more complex than 3 neutrinos with Standard Model interactions  Are the LSND and MiniBooNE anomalies new physics?  Are neutrinos and anti-neutrinos oscillating differently in current experiments? 2) Make neutrino engineering measurements that facilitate 1) and 2) above

9. Experimental Thrusts in Neutrino Physics 1) Reveal the pattern of neutrino masses and mixings  What is the value of  13 ? MINOS  NOvA  LBNE  Is  23 maximal? MINOS  NOvA  LBNE  How are the masses ordered? NOvA  LBNE  Is CP violated? LBNE  What are the neutrino masses? No plans to address at FNAL  Are neutrinos their own anti-particles? No plans to address at FNAL 2) Discover if the situation is more complex than 3 neutrinos with Standard Model interactions  Are the LSND and MiniBooNE anomalies new physics? MiniBooNE  MicroBooNE  Are neutrinos and anti-neutrinos oscillating differently in current experiments? MiniBooNE, MINOS  MINOS+ 3) Make neutrino engineering measurements that facilitate 1) and 2) above  SciBooNE, MINERvA

10. Long Baseline Neutrino Physics 10 Neutrino oscillation physics is entering an exciting period, with several experiments under construction, or on the horizon, that have discovery potential.  What is 0 13 ?  Is there CP violation with neutrinos?  What is the mass hierarchy? NOvA, T2K, and reactor experiments could measure 0 13 in the coming years. MINOS reports interesting 2 sigma neutrino/antineutrino discrepancy. MINOS Neutrino/Antineutrino Results 0 13 Discovery Evolution arXiv:1005.3146

11. Short Baseline Neutrino Physics MiniBooNE sees hint of LSND-like oscillation in antineutrino mode.  Sterile Neutrinos?, Lorentz/CPT violation?  New interactions? Measurements of neutrino cross- sections in the few-GeV region are extremely relevant for oscillation physics. Short-Baseline Workshop held at Fermilab in May to discuss this physics.  New experiments to tackle anomalies, possibly with new KT-scale LAr detectors 11 Neutrino Cross-Sections

12. MiniBooNE Cross Sections 12 Neutrino cross sections are not well-known below ~2 GeV MiniBooNE CC quasi-elastic cross section ~30% higher than “standard” QE prediction MINERA, MINOS, ArgoNeuT If discrepancy is due to extra nucleons, MINERA, MINOS, and ArgoNeuT are all capable of detecting them, and they cover the gap between MiniBooNE and NOMAD data!

13. MiniBooNE Experiment 13 8 GeV protons, air-cooled Be target, single magnetic focusing horn, and anti- Cerenkov detector filled with 800 tons CH 2, 1200+ PMTs 541m

14. MiniBooNE Outlook 14 current projection: MB on the path to collect >1x10 21 POT by March 2012 Booster improvements increased MB from 2.5E16p/hr to 3E16p/hr (thanks to AD and proton source team!) plan is to continue running anti-’s until the 2012 shutdown double the statistics from original MB anti- publication

15. MINOS Experiment 15 ~ 5 kton L=735 km ~1 kton L=1km 120 GeV protons, movable graphite target, two horn focusing system, and anti- two detectors to mitigate systematics magnetized steel/scintillator tracking calorimeters

16. Shaft Fire at Soudan 16 fire started in Soudan mine shaft at 9pm March 17 th, 2011 large amount of foam was pumped in from the top of mine lab occupancy has been re-established ES&H participated in inspection of lab - clean-up of laboratory is complete - electronics powered-up normally - magnet coil slowly ramped up - shaft repairs are underway May 19: MINOS FD fully operational and running at full field, ready for beam

17. MINOS Proton Delivery 17 total anti- data: 3.2x10 20 POT (out of 4.2x10 20 POT request) plan to release this summer (~x2 more data) beam uptime: 67% (FY11) downtime due to target problems/investigations special runs summer shutdown NT03NT05 NT06 NT02 NT01 downtime due to target problems NT04 fire in Soudan mine

18. MINOS e appearance 18 Phys. Rev. (Rapid Comm.) D82, 051102 (2010) Strongest limit for all but a small portion of  CP in the case of normal hierarchy. Analysis with new e event selection and improved analysis techniques for 8.2 x 10 20 POT to be presented Friday at Fermilab Wine and Cheese seminar.

19. MINER A Experiment 19 NuMI beam (same as MINOS) shares NuMI near detector hall, L=1 km fully active, finely segmented scintillator tracker surrounded by calorimeters + additional targets upstream of active region MINOS ND acts as a muon spectometer

20. MINER A Highlights Over Past Year 20 tremendous progress over past year – completed full detector installation (March 2010) and is successfully taking data 03/11: MINERA project received 2011 DOE Secretary’s Award of Achievement 03/11: 1 st preliminary physics results presented at NuInt11 04/11: cryogenic target installed to run with He in LE beam (currently undergoing safety review, estimate 1 st data with filled target in July)

21. MINER A: Event Kinematics 21 First look at QE physics from MINERA! Absolute normalization predictions include: Flux simulation GENIE 2.6.2 MINERA detector simulation Event deficit flat in Q 2, not flat in neutrino energy.

22. NuMI Outlook 22 as of ~today: - MINOS has collected 3.2x10 20 POT anti- - MINERA has collected 1.5x10 20 POT run times requested in LE mode: - MINOS: 4.2x10 20 POT anti-= (1.7 + additional 2.5)x10 20 - MINERA: 4.9x10 20 POT = (4.0 LE + 0.9 special runs)x10 20 - MINOS has 76% of full request - MINERA has 31% of full request current projection for remaining protons for NuMI between now and March 2012 shutdown: 2.2x10 20 POT in this optimistic model and if remainder of run is mode, then both experiments would get to ~3/4 of their requests - Directorate is considering strategies for extra running (PAC, June 2010)

23. NuMI nu/nubar running past year 23

24. NOvA 24 Of next generation experiments, NOvA uniquely provides information on the neutrino mass hierarchy,  CP, and possible differences in neutrino and antineutrino disappearance rates. NOvA is a next generation experiment on the Fermilab NuMI neutrino beam to search for   e and   e oscillations NuMI  CCQE event in NOvA prototype o Far detector laboratory near completion at Ash River MN 810 km from FNAL. o First detector planes to be installed at end of this year. o Operating a prototype on surface at FNAL in NuMI and Booster neutrino beams o Upgrade to 700 kW NuMI beam intensity during shutdown in 2012. o First data starting in early 2013 o Far detector completed by end of 2013. Beneficial occupancy of Ash River lab 4/11 _ _

25. MicroBooNE 25 MicroBooNE is a 170 ton Liquid Argon neutrino detector that will begin operations in 2013. MicroBooNE has several goals: Determine the nature of the MiniBooNE low-energy excess. Make numerous cross-section measurements (many for the 1 st time on LAr). Measure background rates relevant for nucleon-decay searches at LBNE. MicroBooNE serves as a technology test for future massive Liquid Argon detectors. Expected MicroBooNE Neutrino Sample Schematic of MicroBooNE Experiment

26. 26 SeaQuest/E906 Drell-Yan at Fermilab What is the structure of the nucleon?  What is d-bar/u-bar?  What are the non-perturbative QCD origins of the sea quarks?  The results on high-x sea quarks have implications for reach of LHC for W’ and Z’.  What is the structure of nucleonic matter? –How does the nuclear environment influence the anti-quarks? –These results are needed to check inclusion of high statistics neutrino data on nuclear targets into structure function fits  How do colored partons lose energy in cold nuclear matter?  First commissioning beam this summer.  Run for two – three years depending on FNAL schedule.  50 times the count rate of previous 800 GeV experiment . Nucleon Sea Quarks Nuclear Sea Quarks Energy Loss

27. Fermilab’s Test Beam 27 This facility is now typically booked 6 months in advance

28. MINOS+ MINOS collaboration has proposed continued running in the NuMI-NOvA beam. 3000 CC events/year in 4-10GeV range in MINOS. (Have ~1500 events in this range after 5 years of LE running). Extended running would quickly improve existing MINOS 0 23, deltam 2 measurements, and also improve world measurement when combined with NOvA. Search for Non Standard Interactions 28 4-10GeV range only covered by

29. 29  Deuterium Scattering in MINER A High precision nuclear to deuterium ratio (A/D) measurements Current Vessel is rated for D 2 as well as Helium Submitted LOI to Directorate to request advice on pursuing solutions to:  Safety concerns for running D 2 underground  Acquiring 0.37tons of D 2  Modest detector upgrades might extend physics reach even further

30. Possible Further Short-Baseline Running 30 MiniBooNE will run until the March 2012 shutdown, at which point they will have collected >1E21 POT in anti- mode. After analysis of this data, MiniBooNE will decide on submitting a proposal for future running. 5.66E20 POT in Anti-Nu Mode 6.46E20 POT in Nu Mode

31. The new g-2 experiment Follow up of BNL experiment but better:  Reuse the storage ring  10x longer decay channel  Segmented calorimeters  Tracking  >20x statistics, >2x less systematics Coupled with a world wide program to interpret the measurement 31 target ring Pbar complex

32. Mu2e 32 Mu2e sensitivity: 3 x10 -17 (  NP ~10 4 TeV) signal bkg 104 MeV pepe Expectation for a SUSY inspired rate Sensitivity with booster based experiment = 3 x 10 -17 (10 4 TeV) Sensitivity of 3 x 10 -19 possible with Project X

33. Program Relies on Upgrades to the Proton Source Timeline for Fermilab Experiments in Coming Decade 33 Tevatron ends NOvA MINERvA MINOS? MicroBooNE g-2 Mu2e MINERvA MINOS MiniBooNE LBNE

34. Fermilab Users 34 2011 (now)2015 optimistic 2015 Less optimistic 20202025 Tevatron LHC 1,000 100 (excluding CDF/DZero) 0 500 0 500 0 500 0 500 Neutrinos Muons Kaons Nuclei / Eng App 400 200 500 300 200 100 300 200 100 600 400 300 100 600 400 300 100 Cosmic Frontier200 Detector R&D210 (~50 overlap)200 Accelerator R&D50100 150 Theory + LQCD200 Total2,300 1,8002,600 Less optimistic (realistic): delay in LBNE / Project X

35. Publications in Calendar 2010 35 ProgramPublicationsPh.D.s CDF / DZero75~60 Neutrinos18>13 Fixed target~4>5 LQCD24>2 Testbeam, Detector R&D> 20? Accelerator Science14>2 Theory87>1 CMS (LPC)xx>3 Cosmic Frontierxx>30 # of Ph.D.s. with Fermilab facilities (excluding Cosmic Frontier, CMS,..): ~100 per year

36. Conclusions Throughout the period between now and the beginning of the LBNE/Project X era there will continue to be a strong accelerator-based program of experimental physics at Fermilab Fermilab will have unique facilities for neutrino physics in the coming decade (on/off axis beams, long-baseline, short-baseline experiments, precision measurements). Throughout this period we will continue providing Test Beams to the community In a few years, Fermilab will begin a Muon Program with two world-class experiments With four brand new experiments emerging and others continuing, we have an exciting near-term program. 36

37. Fermilab Neutrino Program 8 GeV protons from the Booster  Neutrinos from Booster Neutrino Beam (BNB) to… MiniBooNE (running) SciBooNE (completed in 2008) MicroBooNE (seeking CD2) 120 GeV protons from the Main Injector  Neutrinos from NuMI to… MINOS (running) MINERvA (running) NOvA (under construction) MINOS+ (proposed)  Neutrinos from a new beamline to… LBNE (seeking CD1)

38. SeaQuest 38 u uu q from MI proton q from sea in target     Dimuons from Drell-Yan Lower beam E and larger coverage x 2  0.5 High x = LHC Red: similar exp @ 800 GeV d / u fraction Feynman x PDFs before and after last exp Significant funding from DOE nuclear Detector installed Initial physics before 2012 shutdown High stats running after shutdown Detector in the KTeV hall 0.5