1. Quarkonia Production in High Energy Heavy Ion Collisions at RHIC T. Gunji Center for Nuclear Study University of Tokyo Strangeness in Quark Matter 2008: T. Gunji Title1/25

2. Introduction J/  Measurement at RHIC Fate of J/  in Heavy Ion collisions J/  Production in d+Au collisions Cold nuclear matter effect J/  Production in A+A collisions Hot and dense medium effect Future perspectives Summary Strangeness in Quark Matter 2008: T. Gunji Outline2

3. PHENIX |y|<0.35, di-electron pairs 1.2<|y|<2.2, di-muon pairs 2002 ~ STAR |y|<1.0, di-electron pairs Dedicated trigger Single E T Trigger Double electron trigger 2005~ Strangeness in Quark Matter 2008: T. Gunji Introduction3 J/  Measurement at RHIC p+p: PRL 92, 051802 (2004), PRL 96, 012304 (2006) PRL 98, 232002 (2007) d+Au: PRL 96, 012304 (2006), PRC 77, 024912 (2008) Au+Au: PRC 69. 014901 (2004), PRL 98, 232001 (2007) Cu+Cu: PRL 101, 122301 (2008)

4. Strangeness in Quark Matter 2008: T. Gunji Introduction4 J/  Mass spectra 2005 p+p2008 d+Au 2004 Au+Au 2005 Cu+Cu Successful operation of RHIC, PHENIX and STAR gain J/  statistics every year!! M.J. Leitch for the PHENIX collaboration, arXiv:0806.1244 [nucl-ex]

5. Strangeness in Quark Matter 2008: T. Gunji Introduction5 Other Quarkonia Measurement Upsilon  c and  ’ PHENIX Preliminary p+p QM05 p+p QM06   ee PHENIX Run 5 200GeV p+p STAR Run 5 200GeV p+p =10.24/8  ’  e + e - p+p 200GeV, Run-6 PHENIX Run 5 200GeV p+p  c  J/  + 

6. Strangeness in Quark Matter 2008: T. Gunji Introduction6 J/  in p+p from STAR and PHENIX PHENIX and STAR results are consistent. High statistics from PHENIX High pT from STAR PHENIX PRL 98, 232002 (2007) STAR arXiv: 0806.0353 [nucl-ex] PHENIX PRL 98, 232002 (2007) STAR arXiv: 0806.0347 [nucl-ex] M. J. Leitch RHIC&AGS Meeting 2008

7. Source of J/  :  c  J/  20-40%  ’  J/  ~8% B  J/  ~4% (@RHIC) Strangeness in Quark Matter 2008: T. Gunji Introduction7 Feed down to J/  from higher states 20% ~ 40% from  c ~ 8% from  ’ S. X. Oda QM2008 STAR arXiv: 0806.0347 [nucl-ex]

8. Strangeness in Quark Matter 2008: T. Gunji Fate of J/y in Heavy Ion Collisions8 Fate of J/  in Heavy Ion Collisions Initial stage Gluon shadowing Gluon saturation (CGC) Nuclear Matter Nuclear absorption Cronin effect Hot and dense medium Color screening Dissociation by gluon Regeneration from heavy qqbar pairs [Bhanot+Peskin ’79]  ccbar ~ 0.06fm,  form ~ 1fm/c Initial + nuclear matter effect = “CNM effect”

9. Strangeness in Quark Matter 2008: T. Gunji J/  Production in d+Au9 J/  in d+Au collisions at RHIC Initial stage effect Gluon shadowing depletion of gluon PDF in small x region Color Glass Condensate Gluon saturation from non-linear gluon interactions for the high density at small x. Nuclear matter effect Nuclear absorption Dissociation of J/  or pre-resonance by spectators. σ abs = 4.18 ± 0.35 mb at SPS arXiv:0802.0139 anti- shadowing shadowing J/  in d+Au @ PHENIX: -2.2<y<-1.2 : x~0.09 y~0 : x~0.02 1.2<y<2.2 : x~0.003

10. Strangeness in Quark Matter 2008: T. Gunji J/  Production in d+Au10 R dAu vs. Rapidity Tendency is well agreement within shadowing predictions. EKS/NDSG Model (+2  1 process, g+g  J/  ) EKS + 2  2 process (g+g  J/  +g, extrinsic), less rapidity dep. Break up cross section is 2~4mb. Need more statistics to constraint cold matter effects. PHENIX PRC 77, 024912 (2008) PHENIX revisits systematic error evaluation. E. G. Ferreiro et al. arXiv:0809.4684[hep-ph] Details: L. A. Linden Levy (session 5), Raphaël Granier de Cassagnac (Session 9)

11. Strangeness in Quark Matter 2008: T. Gunji J/  Production in A+A11 J/  in A+A collisions at RHIC To extract medium effects Color screening Dissociation by gluons Recombination Color Screening attraction between QQbar pairs are reduced in QGP. no-bound or loosely bound (  b ⇊) suppression depends on T(  ) and R QQbar [Bhanot+Peskin ’79] S. Digal, F. Karsch and H. Satz Potential Model & lattice simulations T J/  ~ 1.2Tc [A. Mocsy et al, PRL 99(2007)211602, HP’08] T  c ~ 2Tc [T. Umeda, PRD. 75, 094502 (07)] Experimental measurement will be important.

12. Strangeness in Quark Matter 2008: T. Gunji J/  Production in A+A12 J/  in A+A collisions at RHIC Dissociation by gluons Gluo-effect : J/  +g  ccbar Quasifree : J/  +g  ccbar+g depends on binding energy in the medium (  Color screening). Recombination recombination from uncorrelated ccbar pairs. Enhancement of yield. Negligible at SPS. But not at RHIC. Huge at LHC. Charm production needs to be understood. R. Rapp et al. arXiv:0807.2470 Eur.Phys.J.C43:91-96,2005 A. Andronic et al. NPA 789 (2007) 334

13. Strangeness in Quark Matter 2008: T. Gunji J/  Production in A+A13 Back to J/  suppression at SPS F. Karsch et al., PLB, 637 (2006) 75 Pb-Pb @ 158 GeV R. Rapp et al. Phys.Rev.Lett.92:212301,2004. Two scenarios to describe J/  suppression at SPS Dissociation + Recombination a little recombination contribution Sequential Melting Direct J/  unlikely to melt.  c and  ’ are screened. Absence associated feed down to J/ .

14. Strangeness in Quark Matter 2008: T. Gunji J/  Production in A+A14 J/  suppression at RHIC (R AA ) R AA (1.2<|y|<2.2) < R AA (|y|<0.35) ~ R AA at SPS (0<y<1) Recombination compensates stronger suppression? Cold matter effects? Stronger at forward rapidity? +Melting of only higher states (+ small fraction of direct J/  ? |y|<0.35 1.2<|y|<2.2 PRL.98, 232301 (2007)arXiv:0801.0220 PRL.98, 232301 (2007) PRL 101, 122301 (2008)

15. Strangeness in Quark Matter 2008: T. Gunji J/  Production in A+A15 First, check CNM effects in A+A PHENIX PRC 77, 024912 (2008) PHENIX revisits systematic error evaluation. Even though error is large, CNM effect is similar between both rapidities Extrinsic treatment (g+g  J/  +g) gives stronger CNM at forward. Stronger suppression than expectations from CNM effect Need more d+Au data to constraint CNM effects. E.G.Ferreiro et al. arXiv:0809.4684 Extrapolation from d+Au collisions Details will be talked by Raphaël Granier de Cassagnac (Session 9)

16. Strangeness in Quark Matter 2008: T. Gunji J/  Production in A+A16 Dissociation + Recombination X. Zhao, R. Rapp et al. arXiv:0712.2407 A. Andronic et al. NPA 789 (2007) 334, QM08 Stronger suppression is supplemented by recombination. ~x50 larger cross section of charm pairs at RHIC than at SPS. Less recombination at forward rapidity due to smaller cross section of charm at forward rapidity Need to understand charm production.

17. Strangeness in Quark Matter 2008: T. Gunji J/  Production in A+A17 Sequential Melting F. Karsch et al., PLB, 637 (2006) 75 Lattice calculations show T J/  ~2Tc ≫ T  c ~T  ’ ~1.1Tc. J/  suppression at SPS: melting of  c and  ’ and associated absence of feed down to J/   J/  suppression at RHIC can be described by sequential melting.  direct J/  suppression starts around N part ~160 (T ~ 2Tc in hydro). reflect temperature field of the medium.  Similar suppression at forward. Additional CNM effects at forward? Hydro + J/  T. Gunji et al. PRC 76:051901,2007

18. Strangeness in Quark Matter 2008: T. Gunji J/  Production in A+A 18 CGC for J/  Production in A+A D. Kharzeev et al. arXiv:0809.2933 dN/dy Normalization factor is from overall fit to data. can be fixed using high statistic d+Au data. Rapidity shape can be described by CGC. Final state effect is roughly rapidity independent. CGC (cold matter effect) can describe hadron production in A+A collisions at forward rapidity at RHIC.

19. Strangeness in Quark Matter 2008: T. Gunji J/  Production in A+A19 p T dependence of suppression Combining PHENIX & STAR data reach higher p T. Many effects are here… Cronin effect enhance higher pT (anti-)Shadowing enhance pT Recombination enhance lower pT Screening & dissociation suppress lower pT hot-wind scenario suppress high pT M. J. Leitch RHIC&AGS 2008 R AA for high p T J/  = 0.9  0.2 but consistent with R AA ~ 0.6 (low p T ) Need to have more data to disentangle: Cronin effect (  Need more d+Au data, First!!) Hot and dense medium effect. Feed down from B decay.

20. 33 J/  v2 at RHIC Strangeness in Quark Matter 2008: T. Gunji J/  Production in A+A20 First J/  flow measurement by PHENIX. v2 = -10%  10 %  2%  3% (mid-rapidity) J/  ’s from recombination should inherit large charm-quark flow. but difficult to see flow of J/  due to large error bars. Negative to positive v2  Just Mass ordering? Charm collectivity. Need more data and need to understand with charm quark v2. NA50 HP08 PRELIMINARY Run-4 Run-7 Rapp & van Hees, PRC 71, 034907 (2005) minimum-bias D. Krieg et al. arXiv:0806.0736

21. 33 What we will need? Strangeness in Quark Matter 2008: T. Gunji Future perspectives21 Understand CNM effects. Shadowing/CGC, Absorption, Cronin effect More data from d+Au collisions : 2008 d+Au data Understand recombination contribution Charm production (vs. y, p T ) in p+p/d+Au/A+A Detector Upgrade: VTX/FVTX (PHENIX), HFT/MRPC/DAQ (STAR) Other quarkonia (  c,  ’ and ϒ family) in A+A Feed down/sequential melting/screening Detector Upgrade: NCC (PHENIX) Of course, high statistics of J/  in A+A High pT/v2 Luminosity advance of RHIC, RHIC-2 LHC!! Recombination ≫ complete screening for J/  Measurement of ϒ family with higher statistics. ϒ(2S) vs. J/ 

22. 33 2008 d+Au collisions Strangeness in Quark Matter 2008: T. Gunji Future perspectives22 PHENIX Run8 d+Au ~ 30 x Run3 d+Au 57,030 J/    (~73,000 from all data) 4,369 J/   ee (~6,000 from all data) 59 nb -1 63 nb -1

23. 33 Detector Upgrade Strangeness in Quark Matter 2008: T. Gunji Future perspective23 VTX/FVTX/NCC (PHENIX) HFT/MRPC/DAQ(STAR)  ’ measurement with reduced combinatorial background + sharper mass resolution  C measurement with photon in NCC precise open-heavy measurements to constrain regeneration picture STAR DAQ1000 FEE T. Hallman, QM08

24. 33 Luminosity advance of RHIC, RHIC-2 Strangeness in Quark Matter 2008: T. Gunji Future perspectives24 #  x100 #J/  max min 100,000 J/    250    13,000 J/   ee 100 ϒ  ee per year at highest RHIC luminosities (Au+Au, MB) max min J/  &    A. D. Frawley et al. arXiv:0806.1013 [nucl-ex] M. Blaskiewicz RHIC&AGS Meeting 2008

25. 33 Summary Strangeness in Quark Matter 2008: T. Gunji Summary25 J/  Production at RHIC has been measured in p+p, d+Au, A+A collisions at RHIC. There are many interesting observations. Similar suppression between at RHIC (y=0) and at SPS Stronger suppression at forward than at mid-rapidity. Dissociation+Recombination/Sequential Melting+gluon saturation Large uncertainty on cold nuclear matter effects prevents a firm conclusion. More d+Au data. Other observables (p T dist., v2) with high statistics will be helpful. First, 2008 d+Au data will open the next door. Stay tuned!! Future will tell us more of J/  story.

26. Strangeness in Quark Matter 2008: T. Gunji Physics Motivation2 Back up slides

27. Strangeness in Quark Matter 2008: T. Gunji Physics Motivation2 Initial state effect Gluon Shadowing Depletion of Gluon PDF in nuclei Color Glass Condensate Gluon saturation from non-linear gluon interactions for the high density at small x Larger effect for heavier nuclei Eskola et al. NPA696 (2001) 729 gluons in Pb / gluons in p x Anti Shadowing

28. Strangeness in Quark Matter 2008: T. Gunji Physics Motivation2 Color Screening Attraction between ccbar pairs is reduced in QGP T. Matsui and H. Satz (1986) This leads the suppression of quarkonia yield. Melting temperatures S. Digal, F. Karsch and H. Satz Potential Model & lattice simulations T/T C 1/  r  [fm -1 ]  (1S) J/  (1S)  c (1P)  ’(2S)  b ’(2P)  ’’(3S) A.Mocsy HP2008 1.2 2 Difference in melting temperatures between calculations. T J/  ~ 2T c, T  c ~T  ~1.1T c T J/  ~ 1.2T c [A. Mocsy et al, PRL 99(2007)211602, HP’08] T  c ~ 2Tc [T. Umeda, PRD. 75, 094502 (07)] Experiment and Measurement will be important. This is due to Feed down and Different T melt Suppression pattern will tell us: Achieved temperature of the medium Spatial distribution of temperature Feed down fraction.

29. Nuclear Absorption Dissociation of J/  or pre-resonance by spectators. Cronin effect Multiple scattering of partons 11 Cold Matter Effects J/ψ L σ abs = 4.18 ± 0.35 mb at SPS Strangeness in Quark Matter 2008: T. Gunji Physics Motivation2

30. Strangeness in Quark Matter 2008: T. Gunji Physics Motivation2 Gluon dissociation Destruction of J/  by (thermal) gluons This is next stage J/  suffers after ccbar is bound. Two processes which depends on ccbar binding energy. _ [Grandchamp+RR ‘01] [Bhanot+Peskin ’79]

31. How to distinguish? Suppression vs. Enhancement – Overall J/  survival Suppression vs. Enhancement at high energy densities. – Behavior of pT distribution Initial state parton scattering vs. final state charm recombination – In case of recombination, J/  pT distribution is convolution of charm quark pT distribution. – Elliptic Flow of J/  In case of recombination, J/  has large v2 (10%) if charm flows. H. Satz, Hard Probe 2006 9

32. Strangeness in Quark Matter 2008: T. Gunji Physics Motivation2 Centrality dependence

33. Strangeness in Quark Matter 2008: T. Gunji Physics Motivation2 Centrality dependence

34. Strangeness in Quark Matter 2008: T. Gunji Physics Motivation2 Centrality dependence