1. An Astronomical Image Mosaic Service for the National Virtual Observatory http://montage.ipac.caltech.edu / ESTO

2. Contributors Attila Bergou - JPL Bruce Berriman - IPAC Ewa Deelman - ISI John Good - IPAC Joseph C. Jacob - JPL Daniel S. Katz - JPL Carl Kesselman - ISI Anastasia Laity - IPAC Thomas Prince - Caltech Gurmeet Singh - ISI Mei-Hui Su - ISI Roy Williams - CACR

3. What is Montage? Delivers custom, science grade image mosaics User specifies projection, coordinates, spatial sampling, mosaic size, image rotation Preserve astrometry & flux Modular “toolbox” design Loosely-coupled Engines for Image Reprojection, Background Removal, Co-addition Control testing and maintenance costs Flexibility; e.g., custom background algorithm; use as a reprojection and co-registration engine Implemented in ANSI C for portability Public service will be deployed on the Teragrid Order mosaics through web portal

4. Public Release of Montage  Version 1.7.1 and User’s Guide available for download at http://montage.ipac.caltech.edu/ Emphasizes accuracy in photometry and astrometry Images processed serially Tested and validated on 2MASS 2IDR images on Linux Red Hat 8.0 (Kernel release 2.4.18-14) on a 32-bit processor Tested on 10 WCS projections with mosaics smaller than 2 x 2 degrees and coordinate transformations Equ J2000 to Galactic and Ecliptic Extensively tested 2,595 test cases executed 119 defects reported and 116 corrected 3 remaining defects to be corrected in future Montage release

5. Applications of Montage Large scale processing of the sky; e.g., Atlasmaker Mosaics of the Infrared Sky This is the age of Infrared Astronomy! Infrared astronomers study regions much larger than covered by individual cameras ==> need to make mosaics to investigate star formation, redshift distribution of galaxies Mosaics of the far infrared sky a primary data product of the SIRTF mission Two SIRTF Legacy teams using Montage as a co-registration and mosaic engine to generate science mosaics, perform image simulations, mission planning & pipeline testing Public Outreach - the wow factor! Combine single color images in Photoshop Example: back-lit display in NASA booth See next image - Rho Ophiuchi

6. Rho Ophiuchi 324 2MASS images in each band => 972 images On a 1 GHz Sun, mosaicking takes about 15 hours

7. Montage: The Grid Years Re-projection is slow (100 seconds for one 1024 x 512 pixel 2MASS image on a single processor 1.4 GHz Linux box), so use parallelization inherent in design Grid is an abstraction - array of processors, grid of clusters, … Montage has modular design - run on any environment Prototype architecture for ordering a mosaic through a web portal Request processed on a computing grid Prototype uses the Distributed Terascale Facility (Teragrid) This is one instance of how Montage could run on a grid Atlasmaker is another example of Montage parallelization

8. Montage: The Grid Years (cont.) Prototype version of a methodology for running on any “grid environment” Many parts of the process can be parallelized Build a script to enable parallelization Called a Directed Acyclical Graph (DAG) Describes flow of data and processing Describes which data are needed by which part of the job Describes what is to be run and when Standard tools can execute a DAG

9. Using Montage Grid Prototype Web service at JPL creates an abstract workflow description of Montage run (in XML) Workflow description run through Pegasus to create concrete DAG Pegasus includes transfer nodes in the concrete DAG for staging in the input image files and transferring out the generated mosaic Concrete DAG submitted to Condor Region Name, Degrees Pegasus Concrete DAG Condor DAGMAN Teragrid Cluster SDSC NCSA ISI Condor Pool JPL Abstract DAG

10. 1 2 3 mProject 1mProject 2mProject 3 1 2 3 mDiff 1 2mDiff 2 3 mFitplane D 12 mFitplane D 23 ax + by + c = 0dx + ey + f = 0 a 1 x + b 1 y + c 1 = 0 a 2 x + b 2 y + c 2 = 0 a 3 x + b 3 y + c 3 = 0 mBackground 1mBackground 2mBackground 3 1 2 3 mAdd Final Mosaic Described as abstract DAG - specifies: Input, output, and intermediate files Processing jobs Dependencies between them D 12 D 23 Montage Workflow mConcatFit mBgModel ax + by + c = 0 dx + ey + f = 0

11. Montage – Concrete DAG (single pool) Data Stage in nodes Montage compute nodes Data stage out nodes Registration nodes Example DAG for 10 input files mAdd mBackground mBgModel mProject mDiff mFitPlane mConcatFit

12. Montage Runs on the Teragrid Test runs were done on the 1.5 degree x 1.5 degree area including M42 (Orion Nebula) Required 113 input image files Single pool DAG for SDSC consisted of 951 jobs 117 were data transfer jobs 113 for transferring the input image files 3 for transferring other header files 1 for transferring the final output mosaic Run took 94 minutes

13. Montage Runs on the Teragrid (2) Using same abstract DAG for multi pool DAG at SDSC and NCSA created 1202 jobs 367 were data transfer jobs Some of these jobs transferred multiple files 249 of these 367 were inter pool data transfer jobs

14. Montage Computations Building a mosaic from N 1024 x 512 pixel 2MASS images on a single processor 1.4 GHz Linux box takes roughly (N x 100) seconds 98-99% of this time is in the reprojection, which can be perfectly parallelized (this doesn’t embarrass us) Dataset# of images Size of each image Sky coverage Total number of pixels (x 10 12 ) Storage size (TB) Processing time for all data in 1.4 GHz IA32 processor hours (x 1,000) 2MASS~ 4 million ~ 17’ x 8.5’ at 1” ~ 100%~ 2.1~ 8~ 111 DPOSS~ 2,600 ~ 6.6° x 6.6° at 1” ~ 50%~ 1.4~ 3~ 74 SDSS (DR1) ~ 50,000 ~ 13.6’ x 9’ at 0.4” ~ 25%~ 1.2~ 2.4~ 65

15. Summary Montage is a custom astronomical image mosaicking service that emphasizes astrometric and photometric accuracy First public release, Montage_v1.7.1, available for download at the Montage website A prototype Montage service has been deployed on the Teragrid; ties together distributed services at JPL, Caltech IPAC, and ISI More on Montage at SC2003: See ISI at ANL booth for demo of Pegasus portal running Montage on the Teragrid See back-lit display of Montage images at NASA booth Montage website: http://montage.ipac.caltech.edu/