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2. #1 producer of oil in South America Arepa is a common bread from this country Lake Maracaibo Flag recently changed to have an 8 th star and the horse running to the left

3. Venezuela

4. Tango is the national dance. Pampas Plains are here Agriculture South America’s #1 exporter of beef Cristina Fernandez – current president Aconcagua – tallest peak in South America

5. Argentina

6. Chilean President 1973-1990 Human rights violations Controversial figure Chile did well while he was in office

7. Augusto Pinochet

8. 2 nd largest producer of petroleum in South America US Dollar for currency 19,000 foot volcano

9. Ecuador

10. Current president of Venezuela Anti-American Socialist A coup attempt to overthrow him a few years ago

11. Hugo Chavez

12. Landlocked country Many mineral resources Lots of tin 95% in extreme poverty Poorest country in South America Donkey sitting on a gold mine Named after Simón Bolivar

13. Bolivia

14. Spanish conquistador Conquered Inca in 1526

15. Francisco Pizarro

16. Spanish conquistador Conquered Aztecs Famous for burning ships to fully commit his men to not leaving Mexico

17. Hernando Cortez

18. From Argentina Medical student Traveled by motorcycle to see Latin America Became friends with Fidel Castro Accomplish goals by using violence Guerilla warfare

19. Che Guevara

20. Captain of Chilean Navy Liberator of Chile Designed Chilean flag First Chilean head of state Statues of him in Chile

21. Bernardo O Higgins

22. Fishing plays a major role “Ceviche” – national dish Heart of Inca empire is here Approximately 50% of country is below poverty line World’s top producer of silver Wind instruments very popular

23. Peru

24. 2 nd poorest country in South America World’s 3 rd largest exporter of soybeans Guaraní still spoken here 90% work in agriculture Landlocked country 50% go beyond the 6 th grade

25. Paraguay

26. Cuzco, Peru was the heart of this Machu Picchu – ancient city high in the Andes Mtns. Quechua – native language Quipu – Numbering system

27. Inca Empire

28. Ancient civilization in Guatemala and Yucatan Peninsula in Mexico Only known fully developed written language of pre-Columbian Americas Built pyramids, human sacrificing at times

29. Maya

30. Lush tropical country full of a variety of wildlife and plants No national army A center of peace Oscar Arias won Nobel Peace Prize Over 1200 types of butterflies Approximately the size of West Virginia

31. Costa Rica

32. Spanish dictator from 1939-1975 Controlling with many rules Catholicism enformed, no divorce, men and women not to mix at pools/beaches, classical music only Spain opened its doors to the world upon his death Had friendly relations with Hitler

33. Francisco Franco

34. Island located south of Florida Communist history Fidel Castro ruled here from 1959- 2008 Government forbids its citizens from leaving this country without 1 st getting permission

35. Cuba

36. 5 th largest producer of wine in the world Most fertile soil in the world Michelle Bachelet – current president Atacama Dessert – driest dessert in the world, astronomy here

37. Chile

38. La Fiesta de San Fermín in Pamplona, Spain One week festival in July Bulls run through the streets (What is bull fighting called?)

39. El Encierro (La Corrida de Toros)

40. Spanish author who wrote the best-selling fiction book of all time – Don Quixote de La Mancha

41. Miguel Cervantes

42. Revered as a hero throughout much of South America – their “George Washington” Brought 5 South American countries (the northern most 5) their independence from Spain as well as Panama from Central America (6 total)

43. Simón Bolivar

44. Island in the Caribbean that borders Haiti Baseball most popular sport here Sugar a major export Much of the country consists of a mixed African descent

45. Dominican Republic

46. Island in the Caribbean that is a semi- autonomous territory of the United States No passport needed to travel from US to this island Taino indians lived here Originally called “San Juan Bautista” island

47. Puerto Rico

48. 80% of the world’s cocaine comes from here FARC – terrorist group One of the world’s leading suppliers of emeralds Over 70% of cut flowers in US come from here 15 major volcanoes in this country No middle class Variety of ethnic groups – more than half are “mestizo” in this country

49. Colombia

50. Agriculture main source of economy More than 90% of its people are of European descent Small coastal country Ferries go between its capital and the Argentine capital daily

51. Uruguay