1. Today – 4/20 Volcano summary Volcano summary Mt Pinatubo Mt Pinatubo Evaluations Evaluations

2. Fissure Eruption Kilauea January 1983

3. Royal Gardens Subdivision June 1983

4. September 1983

5. August 1983

6. Puu O’o and Sunset Crater

7. Mt St Helens v. San Francisco Peaks

8. XC Today Noon, Gallagher theater

9. Last Time Yellowstone – hotspot caldera explosions Long Valley caldera – signs of unrest: ground swell, eqs, dying trees and animals Movement of energy drives physical (and biological) processes In the interiors of moons of large planets, heat is generated by “tidal friction”, i.e. gravitational energy is transformed into thermal energy, driving volcanism