1. 1 EI441 Work Analysis and Design Text book: Motion and Time Study by R.M. Barnes, 7 th ed. (1980). Topics: 1.Introduction, Productivity, Definition and scope of motion and time study. 2.History of motion and time study, The general problem solving process. 3.Work methods design, Process analysis. 4.Activity charts, Man and machine charts, Analysis and charting techniques. 5.Micromotion study, Motion study equipment, Film analysis. 6.Fundamental hand motions. 7.Principles of motion economy.

2. 2 8.Motion study, Mechanization, automation, and Standardization. 9.Time study, Time study equipment, Making the time study, Rating factor, Allowances, Standard time. 10.Work sampling. 11.Determining time standards from standard data and formulas. 12.Predetermined time systems and MOST. 13.Measuring work by physiological methods, Fatigue and human factors.

3. 3 PRODUCTIVITY Productivity is associated with labor effectiveness in industry. It is the ratio of output to some or all of the resources used to produce that output (output/input). Labor productivity is the output per unit of time or output per labor hour. Labor productivity=units produced/hours worked Capital productivity=output/capital input Material productivity=output/materials input Company productivity is a function of all the inputs. This course will focus on the effectiveness of labor, the efficient operation of machines, equipment and the economical use of materials. All of the previous factors affect the cost of the product directly. Increasing productivity enables the company to reduce the selling price of its products and also helps to reduce the inflation, pay more salaries to the employees and increase the standard of living.

4. 4 Measuring Individual Worker Productivity: 1- The standard time for a specific task is established using time study, MTM, or work sampling. 2- The number of pieces produced by a worker in one day is multiplied by the standard time per piece to obtain the standard or expected output for the day (in standard minutes). 3- the standard output is then divided by the number of minutes worked during the day (input). 4- The result is then multiplied by 100 to obtain the performance index. Example: If a worker assembles 275 products during one day (8 hours shift) and the time to assemble one product is 2 minutes, then:

5. 5 Motion & Time Study and Productivity The objective of motion and time study is the elimination of unnecessary work, the design of effective methods, and providing ways of measuring work to determine the performance index or productivity index for a worker, group of workers, department, or the entire plant. Motion and time study provides charts and methods that can be easily used by managers, supervisors and workers to improve the productivity and reduce the downtime (idle time).

6. 6 Motion and Time Study Definition Motion and Time study is the systematic study of work systems with the purposes of: 1- developing the preferred method (usually with the lowest cost). 2- standardising this method. 3- determining the time required by a trained worker working at normal pace to do a task. 4- assisting in training the worker in the preferred method. This course will focus on two main parts of the definition: 1- Motion study (or work methods design) to find the preferred method for doing the work. 2- Time study (or work measurement) to determine the standard time to perform a task.

7. 7 Scope of Motion and Time Study Motion and time study is used in three ways: 1- By industrial engineers and specialists providing their services to line managers and supervisors. 2- By line managers and supervisors after appropriate training and practice. 3- By workers in teams or groups after receiving enough training. (see figure 3, page 10) Motion and Time Study and nonmanufacturing Activities and Indirect Factory Labour Mechanisation and automation decreased the relative importance of direct labour. However, it is profitable to study the work of operators working on the machines and automated lines through the use of new techniques such as work sampling, queuing theory, time lapse cameras and other methods. It is also profitable to study nonmanufacturing tasks such as office work and retail business using motion and time study techniques.