1. Family Obligations? Living organ donations Odyssey: UNIV 300I Fall 2006 California State University, Long Beach

2. How to address new issues?  Specificity in identifying each of the persons with a stake in the issue and their respective rights and obligations  Clarity in identifying the options  Explicit statements of the reasoning available in support of each option  Identification of objections to each of those reasons and any response to those objections

3. Living organ donations: persons  Person in need of an organ donation What rights to continued life? What right to ask others to take a risk to give them continued life? What obligations to others?  Persons physically able to make a living organ donation What rights to continued life? What obligations to others at risk of one’s own life?  Medical personnel What obligations to patients? What obligations to healthy persons who wish to donate at risk to their own health and life?

4. Living organ donations: options  Watching a person die for lack of a needed organ while preserving one’s own health  Improving the life expectancy and quality for another person while risking one’s own health

5. Factors to consider  Obligations to persons other than the one needing the donated organ  Likely success of the transplant  Risk to the donor  Voluntary consent by the donor  Other factors?

6. Reasoning  How can Kantian appeals to the dignity of persons be used in this analysis?  How can utilitarian/consequentialist appeals be used in this analysis?

7. What objections can be raised?  Egoism?  Altruism?  Uncertainty of medical procedures?  Lack of voluntary consent?  Others?

8. What is required for voluntary informed consent?  Decision-making capacity  Voluntary: free from pressure or coercion  Adequate information  Understanding and reflection