1. Electromagnetic waves

2. Electronic transitions

3. Vibrational fine structure

4. Stretching and bending vibrational modes for a CH 2 group http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared_spectroscopy

5. Normal vibrational modes http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9b/1D_normal_modes_%28280_kB%29.gif H2OH2O CO 2

6. Part of the rotational-vibrational spectrum of HCl Gas, showing the presence of P- and R- branches. Frequency is on the x-axis, and transmittance on the y-axis.HCl

7. Kinetic techniques

9. Determination of Concentration by Spectroscopic Methods Beer’s Law I o = Intensity of incident light I = Intensity of transmitted light  = molar extinction coefficient l = path length of cell c = concentration of sample

10. Quantitative aspect

11. When  X =  Y and [X] + [Y] is constant, Isosbestic points occur

12. Morse energy curve for a diatomic molecule

13. Morse curve

14. Anharmonic Oscillator Model for a Diatomic Molecule