1. G lobal P ositioning S ystem Vamshi Linga Clint Reitsma

2. Outline Where it came from How it works Error Correction Galileo and Future Uses

3. Where it Came From Funded and Controlled by U.S. DOD Originally Designed for the Military 1978 First Block of Satellites launched 1989 Second Block of Satellites launched 1995 Fully Operational Korean Flight 007 Crashed – President Ronald Regan guaranteed all GPS signals would be available to the world

4. How it works Space Segment Control Segment User Segment

5. Space Segment Five to Eight Satellites visible at any time Each satellite transmits data including both current location and time Signals move at the speed of light

6. Space Segment

7. Control Segment Five Control Stations, Master Control at Schriever Air Force Base in Colorado Monitor satellite health and exact positions Makes Corrections

8. Control Segment

9. User Segment Consists of Receivers

10. User Segment Triangulates by measuring distance using the travel time of radio signals –(Velocity)*(Time)=Distance Very accurate time required (Atomic Clocks on Satellites) Along with distance, Satellite position is required Correction of errors

11. User Segment: Time Star Spangled Banner Example Times are very short (0.06 s) –.001 of second error = 200 miles error –Atomic clocks cost $75,000 –Use a forth Satellite Measurement Pseudo Random Code –Complicated to make unique (not actually random) –Each satellite has own unique code

12. User Segment: Position Orbits of Satellites are exact and known by receivers (preprogrammed) DOD monitors and updates ephemeris errors (orbit errors) Pseudo Random Code includes navigation message with ephemeris error information

13. User Segment Perfect ExampleReal Example Corrected Example

14. Error Correction Differential GPS Cooperation of two receivers –One stationary –One Mobile Stationary Receiver measures timing errors and provides correction –Uses equation backwards –Uses Known position to calculate time

15. An enabling technology Marine navigation Air Navigation Land navigation Surveying Military applications

16. Navigation Tracking Bomb and Missile guidance Rescue Facility Management

17. Navigation Used to reach and destroy vital enemy installations Provides the accurate positional data

18. Tracking Track potential targets Smart Bombs Time space position information

19. Missile Guidance Cruise missiles Multiple launched Rocket system Vehicles Reduces the chances of detection and counter Bombardment

20. Rescue and Facility management Co-Opted with GIS Can help manage and operates large bases which cover extensive areas.

21. Galileo Project Inter-operable with GPS and GLONASS Under civilian control Four of the first operational satellites will be launched in 2005- 2006 Consists of 30 satellites 23616 km altitude above the Earth Coverage from 2008

22. Present developments Estimated 3.2 billion Euros Investment for the first quarter  Around 1 billion  India-350 million Euros  China-300 million Euros  More than 600 million by ESA

23. Why does Europe and Asia need Galileo Civilian uses? Geo-political implications?

24. Conclusion Website