1. Stacking  Statics  Residual statics in combination with the velocity analysis  Muting  Approximated zero offset section

2. Delay-Time GRM (“generalised reciprocal method”) DRM (“diminishing residual matrices”) Methods to determine the residual statics: Statics (done before velocity analysis) Topographic Correction (elevation statics) “Uphole”-correction using shots in borehole Refraction statics: corrections for weathered layer

3. CMP Gathers with field statics applied 1. Velocity analysis NMO-Correction Compute Residual statics NMO-Correction with new Velocities Stacking Apply Residual statics 2. Velocity analysis Residual statics

4. NMO corrected data before and after residual corrections Yilmaz, 1987 188 297

5. Velocity spectra before (a) and after (b) residual stacking

6. CMP stacks without and with residual stacking Yilmaz, 1987

7. Mean stack Weighted Stack Diversity Stack/Min-Max-exclude Certain traces are muted and not included in the stacking procedure Methods to Stack

8. stacked section

9. Velocity model

11. Stacking velocity field Yilmaz, 1987

12. CMP stack Yilmaz, 1987

13. CMP stack using gain function Yilmaz, 1987

14. Migrated CMP stack