1. Travel Patterns and Trends (chapter 2)
Oğuz Benice THS 52131
Introduction To Tourism Industry
Fall 2005

2. Introduction
International and regional travel trends such as 1. visitor arrivals 2. tourism receipts 3. top destinations 4. tourism expenditures ...will be examined in this chapter. 

3. Introduction
The understanding of trends is important as they provide an indication to what is likely to occur in the future for planning and marketing a touristic destination.
External factors including political, demographic, social and technological changes will also be considered. 

4. Tourism Growth Domestic & International Tourism
The WTO estimates that the scale of world domestic tourism far exceeds that of world international tourism. In
Total domestic tourist arrivals
5.6 billion
Total international tourist arrivals
567 million

5. Tourism Growth Total International Arrivals
The Boom in international tourist arrivals around the globe is relatively new. Statistics & projects:
1950
25 million people
1970
160 million people
2000
702 million people
2020
1.600 million people

6. Tourism Growth Top 15 Tourism Destination in 2001
Rank
Destinations
Number of Arrivals
Share 1
France
77 million people
11% 2
Spain
49 million people
7,1% 3
United States
45 million people
6,6% 4
Italy
41 million people
5,6% 5
China
33 million people
4,8% 6
United Kingdom
23 million people
3,3% 7
Russan Fed.
22 million people 3% 8
Mexico
20 million people
2,9%

7. Tourism Growth Top 15 Tourism Destination in 2001
Rank
Destinations
Number of Arrivals
Share 9
Canada
19 million people
2,8% 10
Austria
18 million people
2,6% 11
Germany 12
Hungary
15 million people
2,2% 13
Poland 14
Hong Kong
13 million people 2% 15
Greece

8. Tourism Growth Top 15 Tourism Earners in 2001
Rank
Destinations
Receipts 1
United States
$80.7 2
Spain
$36.7 3
France
$33.5 4
Italy
$29.0 5
China
$19.9 6
United Kingdom
$19.0 7
Germany
$18.0 8
Canada

9. Tourism Growth Top 15 Tourism Earners in 2001
Rank
Destinations
Receipts 09
Austria
$15.0 10
Greece
$12.0 11
Australia
$11.0 12
Mexico 13
Turkey
$9.0 14
Switzerland 15
Singapore

10. Tourism Growth Top 15 Tourism Spenders in 2001
Rank
Destinations
Expenditure 1
United States
70 US$ Billion 2
Germany
45 US$ Billion 3
United Kingdom
35 US$ Billion 4
Japan
30 US$ Billion 5
France
17 US$ Billion 6
Italy
15 US$ Billion 7
China
13 US$ Billion 8
Netherland
12 US$ Billion

11. Tourism Growth Top 15 Tourism Spenders in 2001
Rank
Destinations
Expenditure 09
Canada
12 US$ Billion 10
Belgium
10 US$ Billion 11
Austria
9 US$ Billion 12
Korea
7 US$ Billion 13
Sweeden 14
Switzerland 15
Taiwan
6 US$ Billion

12. Tourism Growth Average Number of Vacations (2001)
Italy
42 Days
France
37 Days
Germany
35 Days
Brazil
34 Days UK
28 Days
Canada
26 Days
Korea
25 Days
Japan
USA
13 Days

13. Regional Travel Trends International Arrivals by Region Forecast
1995
2000
2010
Annual Growth
Europe
337
400
525
3.1%
East Asia/Pacific 84
115
229
7.6%
Americas
112
120
195
3.7%
Africa 19 28 37
4.6%
Middle East 11 23 26
4.9%
South Asia 4 6
6.7%
World
567
692
1.023
4.1%
(in Millions)

14. Regional Travel Trends Europe
As a region, Europe is the world’s number one destination.
In 1995, the region attracted two-thirds of all international tourist arrivals.
It is also the leader in intra-regional travel: it is estimated that 80% of the visitors to Europe are other Europeans. 

15. Regional Travel Trends Europe
Leading destinations are: France, Spain, Italy
However there is a decrease in the growth rates of foreign arrivals, attributed to saturation levels and poor exchange rates.
As a sub-region within Europe, the Eastern Mediterranean countries, such as Turkey and Israel and central European sub-region will be in increase of arrival growth rate. 

16. Regional Travel Trends Asia and the Pacific
The growth of travel in East Asia and the Pacific has been particularly rapid.
From a region with arrivals totaling fewer than in 1950, 7.2 million in 1970, 88 million international arrivals in 1995.
The forecast shows East Asia and the Pacific moving ahead of the Americas, ranking second in 

17. Regional Travel Trends Asia and the Pacific
Top destinations include China, Hong Kong, Singapore.
Indonesia, Malaysia, Cambodia and Vietnam will continue to grow as well.
China has the potential to be a particularly rich source of outbound travelers, with its rapidly expanding economy. 

18. Regional Travel Trends South Asia
South Asia region has made impressive development in recent years, starting at a smaller base.
The region is compromised of India, Sri Lanka, Maldives (based on its beach resorts), Nepal (which offers special interest tourism), İran, Bangladesh.
Since 1993, the regional growth rate was three times higher than the world average. 

19. Regional Travel Trends Americas
The USA and Canada, like western Europe have reached their peak, meaning that growth for outbound tourism will slow.
Intra-regional tourism dominates: In 1995, 75% of total arrivals were intra regional tourist flows.
Cuba & Mexico experienced the quickest growth rate of all the countries of the Americas. 

20. Regional Travel Trends Middle East
The Middle East was the fastest growing region for 1995.
Top destinations include Egypt and also Jordan, Bahrain and Lebanon.
Rapid growth was explained by a renewed interest in cultural tourism and an increase of political stability in the region. 

21. Regional Travel Trends Africa
Africa is a problematic tourist destination: political instability, military disturbances, health apprehension have discouraged travelers.
One exception: South Africa enjoyed growth in both leisure and travel business.
For the future, Africa needs improving political stability. 

22. Tourist Arrivals in Turkey Monthly Arrivals1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
TOTAL
2003
363
478
495
661
1142
1507
2123
2263
1866
1649
768 
 636
13.958
2002
307
426
676
853
1326
1458
1897
1900
1771
1420
662
557
13.244
2001
359
405
547
885
1232
1388
1777
1601
1440
1066
521
396
11.555
2000
333
354
435
721
986
1.079
1.525
1.420
1.365
1.167
590
419
10.394
1999
358
370
409
690
781
931
1.077
873
797
433
319
7.464
1998
350
371
642
987
1.039
1.145
1.377
1.164
1.034
502
9.460

23. Tourist Arrivals in Turkey ‘Bavul Ticaret’ Development ?
Years
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
Total
5849
3689
2255
2944
3039

24. Tourist Arrivals in Turkey Where they come from ? (part 1)
2000 %
2001
2002
Germany
21,8
24,8
26,3
Russian Fed.
13,3
12,3
12,5 UK
8,8
7,3
7,9
Netherlands
4,2
5,5
6,6
Bulgaria
3,7
4,7
6,3
France
4,3
4,5
3,9
Iran
2,8
3,3
Austria
3,1

25. Tourist Arrivals in Turkey Where They Come From ? (part 2)
2000 %
2001
2002
Belgium
2,5
2,7
2,4
Greece
2,1
1,7
Israel
3,0
2,0
U S A
4,9
3,7
1,9
Italy
1,6
Others
22,5
21,5
20,4
Total
100,0

26. Tourist Arrivals in Turkey Where They Stay at ?
2000 %
2001
2002
Antalya
31,7
36,3
35,8
Istanbul
23,2
21,7
20,4
Muğla
13,0
11,4
14,7
Izmir
4,6
5,4
4,9
Aydın
4,1
3,9
1,5
Others
23,5
21,4
22,7
Total
100,0

27. Tourist Arrivals in Turkey How They Come ?
2000
2001
2002 %
Tourist Arrivals
Air
69,8
72,8
75,4
Land
18,9
16,9
18,6
Train
0,4
39.667
0,5
55.814
55.509
Sea
11,0
9,8
5,6
Total
100,0

28. Tourist Arrivals in Turkey Why they come ? (part1)
% of Arrivals
2001
1998
1997
1996
1993
Holiday
52,3
49.79
56.12 50 60
Culture
9,2
9.86
10.45 13 9
Shopping
8,3
5.73
5.94
4.4 11
Familly / Friend Visit
7,9
5.91
6.28
4.5 4
Meeting / Conference
2,4
2.17
1.49
1.5 1
Health
1,0
0.55 *
Religion
0,3
0.25
Sport
1,3
1.03
Education
1.06
Transit
3,1
0.71

29. Tourist Arrivals in Turkey Why they come ? (part2)
2001
1998
1997
1996
1993
Work *
8.90
5.51 10 6
Business
6.10
6.7
4.8
3.5
Fairs
5,0
4.81
3.91
4.3 2

30. Tourist Arrivals in Turkey What Motivates to Choose Turkey ?
Price
% 25
Discover Turkish People
 % 20
General Interest for Turkey
% 19
Cultural Events
% 15
Cheap Shopping
Job Opportunities
% 6
Quality İtems
% 3
Turkish Food
% 2

31. Tourist Arrivals in Turkey Who Stays in Hotels ?
GERMANY
31,9 %
RUSSIAN FED.
10,4 %
FRANCE
7,4 % UK
5,3 %
USA
4,7 %
JAPAN
4,2 %
AUSTRIA
2,2 %
ROMANIA
0,5 %
BULGARIA
0,4 %

32. Outbound Tourism in Turkey What is the Situation ?
DEPARTURES
VARIATION (%)
1995
15.52
1996
7.02
1997
8.74
1998
-0.68
1999
3.41
2000
11.06
2001
-8.22
2002
5.69