1. National Impact Assessment Programme (NIAP) Prospects of Strategic Environmental Assessment in Pakistan Case Study of “Clean Drinking Water for All” Programme Authors: Dr Aurangzeb Khan, NPD-NIAP/Chief Environment, Nazia Zakir Ahmed, DPM/SEA Coordinator-NIAP, Environment Section, Planning Commission Government of Pakistan IAIA 2011, Puebla, Mexico

2. National Impact Assessment Programme (NIAP) Presentation Flow  Introduction  CDWA at Glance  Implementation Methodology  Lessons Learned  Can SEA add value  Proposed Way Forward 2

3. National Impact Assessment Programme (NIAP) Introduction  Area: 796,096 Km 2  Population: 174.86 million (2011)  Four provinces  Four territories  Seven tribal agencies  132 districts  > 544 tehsils  > 6600 union councils About 1,500 km 3

4. National Impact Assessment Programme (NIAP) Introduction (Cont) Coastal Plain Kirthar range Lower Indus Basin Edge of Suleiman Range Upper Indus Basin Pothohar Plateau Indus Gorge K2 (Godwin Austin) -8,611 m 1,500 km or 15 degrees Elevation (meters above sea level) 1000 2000 4000 5000 7000 8000 3000 6000 4

5. National Impact Assessment Programme (NIAP) Introduction (Cont) Access to Drinking Water Source: Ministry of Science and Technology Dec, 2005 5

6. National Impact Assessment Programme (NIAP) Introduction (Cont) Millennium Development Goal 7: “Ensure Environmental Sustainability” Target 10:“Halve by 2015 the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water” In order to achieve MDG Target, Government of Pakistan responded with a project aiming to provide safe drinking water to general masses. 6

7. National Impact Assessment Programme (NIAP) Clean Drinking Water for All Programme at Glance Project Titles: Phase I: Clean Drinking Water Initiative Phase II: Clean Drinking Water for All Programme Scope: Entire Pakistan Funded by: Public Sector Development Programmes Execution: Federal and provincial government through various Ministries 7

8. National Impact Assessment Programme (NIAP) Phase I – Salient Features Phase I:Clean Drinking Water Initiative (July 2004): Total Water Filtration Plants(WFPs) installed=406 Chlorine-based Filtration =35 Reverse Osmosis=56 Duration : 2004-2007(3 years) Scope : One WFP at each Tehsil of Pakistan Original Cost (2004): Rs 115.2 Million = 121 WFPs 1 st Revision (2005) : Rs 495.5 Million = 544 WFPs 2 nd Revision (2009) : Rs 999.59 Million = 406 WFPs 2004: 1 USD = PKR 57, 2005 :1 USD=PKR 59, 2009: 1 USD= PKR 80 8

9. National Impact Assessment Programme (NIAP) Phase II– Key Facts Phase-II: Clean Drinking Water for All (CDWA) Project (2006): Total WFPs to be installed=6626 Ultra Filtration=5686 Reverse Osmosis=940 Duration: 2006-2008 (3 years) Scope: One WFP at each Union Council of Pakistan Original Cost(2006): 7871.74 Million = 6035 WFPs Revised Cost(2007): 15,843 Million = 6626 WFPs 2006 :1 USD=PKR 60, 2007: 1 USD= PKR 60 9

10. National Impact Assessment Programme (NIAP) Implementation Methodology  Pre-qualification of Firms;  Selection of technology ;  Water quality survey of sites;  Allocation of funds - Capital expenditure - Three years O&M 10

11. National Impact Assessment Programme (NIAP) Governance Lapse PhasePlannedInstalledOperationalNon -operational Phase I544406283123 Phase II66261144678466 Ministry of Environment 2004 Ministry of Industries Production & Special Initiatives 2006 Ministry of Special Initiatives 2008 11 Progress

12. National Impact Assessment Programme (NIAP)

16. Lessons Learned  Absence of National Drinking Water Policy  Unplanned Expansion of geographical scope (hilly terrain)  No clear concept, feasibility and environmental assessment study  Energy crisis and non availability of electricity 16

17. National Impact Assessment Programme (NIAP) Lessons Learned (Cont)  Site and technology selection criteria  Top driven approach  Lack of institutional capacity  Post installation sustainability(O&M/Staff)  Divided responsibility & lack of ownership  No clear concept of land availability 17

18. National Impact Assessment Programme (NIAP) Lesson Learned (Cont)  Political interference/Vested interests  Lack of SEA regime  Alternatives not considered e.g improvement of existing schemes vs. CDWA  Lack of stakeholder engagement  Lack of Environment based evidence to support implementation. 18

19. National Impact Assessment Programme (NIAP) Costly mistakes made! 19

20. National Impact Assessment Programme (NIAP) Can SEA add value  With less enforcement EIA system, SEA?  Lack of understanding of the SEA as a tool.  Absence of coordination mechanism & public awareness.  Non-availability SEA professionals.  Non-availability of financial support where environment is a less priority. 20

21. National Impact Assessment Programme (NIAP) Way Forward  Country wide need assessment for SEA;  Pilot SEA followed by Legislation for SEA;  Effective Adherence of National Drinking Water Policy;  Improvement in existing and traditional drinking water schemes;  Capacity Building;  Preservation of water reservoirs. 21

22. National Impact Assessment Programme (NIAP) 22