1. McGraw-Hill/Irwin © 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., All Rights Reserved. 9-1 Chapter Nine Positive Psychology Approach to OB: Optimism, Emotional Intelligence, and Self-Efficacy

2. McGraw-Hill/Irwin © 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., All Rights Reserved. 9-2 Learning Objectives Frame the chapter in terms of the positive psychology movement Discuss the theory, research, and application of optimism Provide, within the discussion of optimism, the follow- up related positive psychology concepts of hope and happiness/subjective well-being (SWB) Present the theory, research, and application of emotional intelligence (EI) Explain the specific roles that emotion and intelligence play in emotional intelligence

3. McGraw-Hill/Irwin © 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., All Rights Reserved. 9-3 Learning Objectives (cont.) Present the theory, research, and application of self- efficacy Give particular attention to the processes and sources of efficacy

4. McGraw-Hill/Irwin © 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., All Rights Reserved. 9-4 Positive Psychology Positive Individual Traits Valued Subjective Experiences Civic Virtues and Institutions that Move People Towards Better Citizenship

5. McGraw-Hill/Irwin © 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., All Rights Reserved. 9-5 Types Of Emotions Positive Primary EmotionsOther Descriptors Negative Primary EmotionsOther Descriptors Love/affection Happiness/joy Surprise Fear Sadness Anger Disgust Shame Acceptance, adoration, longing, devotion, infatuation Cheerfulness, contentment, bliss, delight, amusement, enjoyment, enthrallment, thrill, euphoria, zest Amazement, wonder, astonishment, shock Anxiety, alarm, apprehension, concern, qualm, dread, fright, terror Grief, disappointment, sorrow, gloom, despair, suffering, dejection Outrage, exasperation, wrath, indignation, hostility, irritability Contempt, disdain, abhorrence, revulsion, distaste Guilt, remorse, regret, embarrassment, humiliation

6. McGraw-Hill/Irwin © 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., All Rights Reserved. 9-6 Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences Original IntelligencesCharacteristics “New” IntelligencesCharacteristics 1. Logical/mathematical 2. Verbal/linguistic 3. Interpersonal 4. Intrapersonal 5. Visual/spatial 6. Musical 7. Bodily/kinesthetic 8. Naturalist 9. Existential 10. Anger Processes analytically, calculates, quantifies Thoughts through words, uses word to nurture Understands others, processes through interaction, empathizes, humor Thinks in quiet, likes to be alone, goal oriented Uses mental models, thinks three dimensionally, pictures how to get places or solve problems Sensitivity to pitch, melody, rhythm Physical movement, involves the whole body, processes by jumping or dancing Need to be with/survive in nature, strength in categorization in nature or urban world Not religion per se, knowing why you are here, personal mission Emotionally mature, recognize own anger, reacts to emotions of self and others

7. McGraw-Hill/Irwin © 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., All Rights Reserved. 9-7 Cognitive Abilities Related To Job Performance Mental AbilityCharacteristics of Ability Verbal comprehension Numerical Spatial visualization Perceptual speed Memory Inductive reasoning Comprehend what is read or heard, understand what words mean and the relationships to one another Make fast and accurate arithmetic computation Perceive spatial patterns, imagine how an object would look if position in space were changed Quickly identify visual similarities and differences, carry out tasks needing visual perception Rote memory, retain and recall past incidents/experiences Identify logical sequence from specific to general

8. McGraw-Hill/Irwin © 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., All Rights Reserved. 9-8 Major Sources Of Information For Self-Efficacy Self- Efficacy Social Persuasion Vicarious Experiences or Modeling Physiological and Psychological Arousal Mastery Experiences or Performance Attainments