2. Early Days Born in 1940 at the start of World War II Luckily my Parents (mother matron, father hospital admin) not called up, However several moves as a consequence of bombing Wound up in Banbury 60 miles from London of nursery rhyme fame “Ride a cock horse to Banbury Cross” (attributed to Elizabeth I)

3. Growing Up From there to Cornwall home of legend (King Arthur), worked out tin mines, and the so called Cornish Riviera since warmer (and wetter) than rest of England and on the coast

4. School Shebbear: 2nd Oldest Methodist Public School in Britain Boarding school Located on the outskirts of Dartmoor of “Hound of the Baskervilles” fame Strong Boy Scouts movement led by ex-military school teachers. –Capture the flag, building structures from ropes and logs, long hikes (escape from school)

6. Scouts Joined as Cub scout, continued onto Senior Scouts and awarded the Queens Scout Award in 1956 Honor conferred at Gilwell (home of Scouting) by Chief Scout of the British Commmonwealth and Empire Lord Rowallen

7. University In Manchester: heart of the Industrial revolution, still recovering from loss of Empire markets University physics famous for Rutherford, Thomson, Geiger Home of Manchester United Soccer Club Honors BSc physics, then a PhD in Nuclear Physics

8. SLAC Applied and accepted by Rolls Royce, CERN and SLAC among others SLAC just finished getting first beams, Offered permanent post by future Nobel Prize winner Richard Taylor Wooed by promise of surfing and Beach Boys music Planned to come for 2 years

9. Nobel prize SLAC new lab, exploring frontiers of science Late 60’s and early 70s’ worked night and day on experiments that resulted in the discovery of the quark Leaders awarded Nobel prize 1990 Traveled to Stockholm took part in week’s celebrations

10. Year’s leave of Absence at IBM UK Laboratories Awarded Patent (US 4688181) for Interactive Cursor Motion & Image Transformation Returned to SLAC to take up leadership of the computer networking group

11. China & the Internet With Panofsky’s encouragement went to Beijing & IHEP –A few months after Tiananenmen Square –Installed and made work a 9.6k modem that provided dial up mail and logon capability For next 3 years worked on getting satellite connection and eventually the first permanent Internet connection for mainland China –Last mile hard China 200M Internet users in 2006

12. High Speed Networking Two times World LAN speed record holder in collaboration with Caltech and others –In 2004 Guinness Book of Records Three consecutive years won the SuperComputing Band Width Challenge –2005 reached 150Gbits/s for an hour

13. Recent Work High speed networking Measure the Digital Divide by means of the Internet performance –Its extent, how it is changing, its impact

14. How we measure Internet 10 ping request packets each 30 mins Remote Host (typically a server) Monitorin g host > ping remhost Ping response packets Measure Round Trip Time & Loss Data Repository @ SLAC Once a Day Uses ubiquitous ping

15. PingER Deployment PingER project originally (1995) for measuring network performance for US, Europe and Japanese HEP community - now mainly R&E sites Extended this century to measure Digital Divide: –Monitor (40 in 14 countries) –Beacons ~ 90 –Remote sites (~700) >150 countries (99% world’s connected population) –40 in Africa

16. World throughput Behind Europe 6 Yrs: Russia, Latin America 7 Yrs: Mid-East, SE Asia 10 Yrs: South Asia 11 Yrs: Cent. Asia 12 Yrs: Africa South Asia, Central Asia, and Africa are in Danger of Falling Even Farther Behind Derived throughput ~ 8 * 1460 /(RTT * sqrt(loss)) Mathis et. al

17. http://www.internetworldstats.com/ Huge growth ~ 3x lower penetration than any other region huge potential market Many systemic factors: Electricity, import duties, skills, disease, protectionist policies, corruption. 915M people 14% world population, 3.6% of world internet users, mainly in cities Africa

18. Costs compared to West Sites in many countries have bandwidth< US residence –“10 Meg is Here”, www.lightreading.com/document.asp?doc_id=104415 www.lightreading.com/document.asp?doc_id=104415 Africa: $5460/Mbps/m –W Africa $8K/Mbps/m –N Africa $520/Mbps/m (IDRC study Jan 2005) 1 yr of Internet access > average annual income of most Africans, Survey by Paul Budde Communications Bandwidth Initiative: Coalition of 11 African Universities (MZ, TZ, UG, GH, NG, KY) + four major US Foundations to provide satellite thru Intelsat at 1/3 cost ($7.3K/Mbps/m => $2.23K)

19. CERN and Charpak skiing Mount Shasta climbing 2 daughters, 3 grandchildren Still on first marriage 6 weeks in Borneo, 120 miles up river in boat, tropical disease of unknown origin