1. Single-subject experimental designs
Single-subject (case) designs
Experimental design in which a functional relationship is demonstrated _______________.
All participants are exposed to the same ____,
Each participant serves as his/her ______________.
Does _____ mean that the study contains only ____ participant (although of course the study must have at least one)
Because functional relationships are demonstrated within an individual you don’t need _________________
Sometimes called ___________ designs
Lect 8a

2. Single-subject vs. Group designs
Comparisons
Group designs – different ______ exposed to different levels of IV. Compare different _______
Single-subject designs – all participants exposed to ___ levels of IV. Compare ______________ behavior under different conditions
Group 1= IV level 1
Group 2= IV level 2
Participant 1= IV level 1
Participant 1= IV level 2
Participant 2= IV level 1
Participant 2= IV level 2
Lect 8a

3. Single-subject vs. Group designs
Subject matter:
Single-subject: Intensive investigation of behavior of ___________
Group designs: __________ performance
Number of observations
Single-subject: Observe behavior ___________ until stability – ______ experiments
Group designs: Group designs usually test just a ___ _____ – short experiments
Lect 8a

4. Single-subject vs. Group designs
Number of subjects
Single-subject: _________
Group designs: _________
Analysis of data:
Group designs: _______________
Generality:
Single-subject: assume generality when all subjects -___________________
Group designs: assume generality when subjects are _____________________
Lect 8a

5. Group vs. Single-subject designs
Advantages of single-subject designs
Analysis of behavior of _____________
Can use only a ______ subject
Flexible - Can individualize treatment
Can measure behavior at ____________
Disadvantages of single-subject designs
Small n = ________ validity issues
Difficult if to conduct comparisons if IV has permanent effects
The reliance on ____________ rather than statistical analyses can cause problems
Lect 8a

6. Single-subject experimental designs
General Single-Subject Design Characteristics:
1. _________________________ - Behavior is observed repeatedly across time (Not just twice as in pre-post group designs)
Behavior is measured across different phases (levels of __)
Phase = ______ of observations under same conditions
Baseline phase– _______________
Treatment/intervention phase – ______________________
Notation: __= baseline, ___ = treatment or IV #1, ___ = treatment or IV #2
Lect 8a

7. Why measure behavior repeatedly?
Baseline IV
Obtain _______________, e.g., variability at the start of a study/condition change:
Baseline IV
__________ of responding (learning)
Lect 8a

8. What is the correct notation for the following graph?
___________________

9. General Single-Subject Design Characteristics
2. ______________________ (graphical not statistical analysis)
Evaluate the ___________________, etc. of behavior over time
Allows ________________ of behavior during BASELINE and TREATMENT conditions
Allows determination of a _______________________
Data sometimes analyzed with ____________ records.
Lect 8a

10. General Single-Subject Design Characteristics
Experimental control is demonstrated ______ the individual
Evaluate behavior of ______ individual, NOT the ______ of all individuals.
Lect 8a

11. General Single-Subject Design Characteristics
4. Responding is analyzed at a _______________ = data show little variability and no trends
________________ - Rules used to determine when to consider data stable
Should be described in ___________ terms
Should be able to meet criteria within a ________________ _________________
Useful if they are ___________ to stability criteria used by other researchers
Often ____________ in nature
Should have at least __ data points per condition
Lect 8a

12. What do when data are not stable? _______
Look for _____________ in the inconsistency (e.g., cyclical patterns)
Modify _______________
Move to ______________
When to make a Phase changes? – Depends on performance
When performance is _________
_____ when behavior is already improving
Move when treatment must begin ______________
If behavior is _______________
Lect 8a