2. Dynamic Matchmaking between Messages and Services in Multi-Agent Systems Muhammed Al-Muhammed Supported in part by NSF

3. Motivation Agents cooperate to achieve their goals. Current assumptions: 1- Agents share ontologies, 2- speak the same language, 3- pre-agree on a message format. Cooperation needs communication.

4. The Problem Requiring these assumptions precludes agents from interoperating on the fly. ” the holy grail of semantic integration in architectures ” is to “ allow two agents to generate needed mappings between them on the fly without a priori agreement and without them having built-in knowledge of any common ontology.” [Uschold 02] sees this as the heart of agent research:

5. Solution So the problem was: 1- Agents must share ontologies, 2- speak the same language, 3- pre-agree on a message format. – Filtering out unneeded information Eliminates all assumptions Requires: – Dynamically capturing a message’s semantics – Translating – Matchmaking – Converting units and data formats

6. Agent1 LO1 Services Agent2 LO2 Services Global Ont. Translations (MMS ) Communication MatchMaking System Matchmaking System

7. Local OntologyGlobal ontology WordSellingValueWordPrice Syn.PriceSyn.Value, SellingValue TypeIntegerTypeReal Values $100ValuesPrice value recognizer DomainComputerDomainComputer Rel.SellingValue ISFOR Mem. Rel.Price ISFOR Mem. ?

8. Agent1 LO1 Services Agent2 LO2 Services Global Ont. Translations MMS I need info about PCs Input:LowPrice=SYP1 0,HighPrice=SYP 20 Output: String Make, String Model,int Price Constraint:None Communication Service in Frame =? MMS Global Ont. Translations S1 S2. Si. Sn Message in Frame

9. The ServiceThe Message ServiceName GivePcInformationServiceNameNone ActionTypeNoneActionTypeNone ServiceTypeQueryServiceTypeQuery InputReal LowPrice, Real HighPrice Inputinteger HighPrice=SYP 20 Integer LowPrice=SYP 10 OutputString Model, Real Price, String Make, warranty date OutputString Make String Model, Integer Price, String Make InConstraints LowPrice> 0 USD LowPrice < HighPrice InConstraintsNone OutConstraintsOutput sorted(Price)OutConstraintsNone Different typeDifferent order Unneeded information Different currency Constraint mismatch

10. Agent1 LO1 Services Agent2 LO2 Services Global Ont. Translations MMS Communication Message in Frame Service in Frame = No MMS Global Ont. Translations S1 S2. Si. Sn I need info about PCs Input:.. Output:.Make.. Constraint:.. =Yes Si =No

11. Agent1 LO1 Services Agent2 LO2 Services Global Ont. MMS Communication MMS Translations Global Ont. Price=1USD Make=ibm ………. Translations I need info about PCs Input:.. Output: Make.. Constraint:..

12. Contributions Dynamically generates mappings among agents Simplifies agent communication Simplifies a developer’s task Increases message answering capabilities