1. Pan-STARRS PY2 EOC Review #2 3 August 2004 U NIVERSITY OF H AWAII I NSTITUTE FOR A STRONOMY Approved for Public Release - Distribution is Unlimited 1 Astro 735 PanSTARRS Seminar Wednesdays, 12:30-1:30 Panoramic Survey Telescope and Rapid Response System

2. Pan-STARRS PY2 EOC Review #2 3 August 2004 U NIVERSITY OF H AWAII I NSTITUTE FOR A STRONOMY Approved for Public Release - Distribution is Unlimited 2 Pan-STARRS A proposal for a wide field imaging system: –4 x 1.8m telescopes each with –4 x 1Gpixel CCD detectors Operation: –Repeated scans of entire sky Unique time resolution capability Deep cumulative digital images of the entire sky Time-scale: ~5 years Project cost:~$50M Funded by AFRL Collaboration between IfA, MHPCC, Lincoln Lab, SAIC

3. Pan-STARRS PY2 EOC Review #2 3 August 2004 U NIVERSITY OF H AWAII I NSTITUTE FOR A STRONOMY Approved for Public Release - Distribution is Unlimited 3 A Renaissance in Wide-Field Imaging Detector technology advances enabling a revolution in wide-field imaging surveys –CCDs are efficient and costs are falling –~100Mpix cameras deployed on several 4-8m telescopes –Ifa leads the field –current state-of-the-art: SUBARU/SUPRIME CFHT/MEGACAM 300Mpix (fall 2002) A   8 m 2 deg 2 dedicated survey instruments –Examples SDSS, 2MASS, MACHO 1 data product - many science applications public access via www

4. Pan-STARRS PY2 EOC Review #2 3 August 2004 U NIVERSITY OF H AWAII I NSTITUTE FOR A STRONOMY Approved for Public Release - Distribution is Unlimited 4 The Decadal Review LSST US Decadal Review proposed a 6.5m class “Large Synoptic Survey Telescope” as a high priority near term goal –map the visible sky to R~24 in 1 week –time resolution capability –very deep cumulative images –closely linked to the VO (Virtual Observatory) LSST Science Goals: killer asteroids killer asteroids planet searches planet searches galactic halo + disk galactic halo + disk supernovae supernovae brown dwarfs brown dwarfs galaxy clustering galaxy clustering weak lensing weak lensing transients, GRBs transients, GRBs stellar variability stellar variability

5. Pan-STARRS PY2 EOC Review #2 3 August 2004 U NIVERSITY OF H AWAII I NSTITUTE FOR A STRONOMY Approved for Public Release - Distribution is Unlimited 5 Small vs Large Apertures Why size matters: –small telescopes are cheaper for given collecting area –CCD costs scale with detector area (not N pixels ) Optimal design matches seeing to CCD resolution –rapid construction and low risk –diversity of operation modes –Low environmental impact –Scalable –Fast guiding for enhanced image quality …..

6. Pan-STARRS PY2 EOC Review #2 3 August 2004 U NIVERSITY OF H AWAII I NSTITUTE FOR A STRONOMY Approved for Public Release - Distribution is Unlimited 6 The Pan-STARRS Proposal 4 x 1.8m with 7.1 deg 2 FOV –A  = 8 x SUBARU/SUPRIME, CFHT/MEGACAM Sensitivity –R+V filter: R=24@5-sigma in t exp = 30s (FWHM / 0”.6) 2 4x simultaneous imaging –survey ~2,800 deg 2 per night  DR LSST specification –cumulative integrations: 180 nights  1.6mag fainter –all sky surveys in multiple bands to ~26 mag –deeper surveys: 4hr integrations  ~4000 deg 2 /yr @ ~26.5mag 100hr integrations  ~200 deg 2 /yr @ ~28mag “pilot project” for LSST - but does most of the science

7. Pan-STARRS PY2 EOC Review #2 3 August 2004 U NIVERSITY OF H AWAII I NSTITUTE FOR A STRONOMY Approved for Public Release - Distribution is Unlimited 7 Wide Field Imaging Science Opportunities Time domain astronomy –Transient objects –Moving objects –Variable objects Static sky science –Enabled by stacking repeated scans to form a collection of ultra-deep static sky images

8. Pan-STARRS PY2 EOC Review #2 3 August 2004 U NIVERSITY OF H AWAII I NSTITUTE FOR A STRONOMY Approved for Public Release - Distribution is Unlimited 8 Inner Solar System Science ~10 7 asteroids –Families –Orbit parameter space structure ~10 4 near earth objects –Phase-space distribution –Hazardous asteroids Comets

9. Pan-STARRS PY2 EOC Review #2 3 August 2004 U NIVERSITY OF H AWAII I NSTITUTE FOR A STRONOMY Approved for Public Release - Distribution is Unlimited 9 Asteroid Collision Hazard Asteroid collision rate is well understood Maximum hazard comes from ~1-2km size objects at threshold of global catastrophes Current surveys are ~50% complete for such objects and will approach ~80% completeness –Residual hazard will be roughly equally split between km and sub- km size objects –1/700 chance of 300m (1000MT) impact in the coming century A survey that can reach V=24 will eliminate nearly all km-scale risk and > 80% of risk for 300m scale

10. Pan-STARRS PY2 EOC Review #2 3 August 2004 U NIVERSITY OF H AWAII I NSTITUTE FOR A STRONOMY Approved for Public Release - Distribution is Unlimited 10 Outer Solar System Science Kuiper Belt Objects –Orbital distribution –Formation and evolution Trans-Neptunian Objects Interlopers on hyperbolic orbits

11. Pan-STARRS PY2 EOC Review #2 3 August 2004 U NIVERSITY OF H AWAII I NSTITUTE FOR A STRONOMY Approved for Public Release - Distribution is Unlimited 11 Stars and the Galaxy Parallax survey –Complete s tellar census to 100pc Proper motions –Formation history Other goals: –Stellar variability –Low mass stars –Extra-solar planets

12. Pan-STARRS PY2 EOC Review #2 3 August 2004 U NIVERSITY OF H AWAII I NSTITUTE FOR A STRONOMY Approved for Public Release - Distribution is Unlimited 12 Cosmology – Weak Lensing Total mass power spectrum P(k) to large scales –Test of inflation theory Evolution of P(k) Higher order statistics –Gravitational instability theory Cluster mass function –Cosmological parameters Geometric tests –World model

13. Pan-STARRS PY2 EOC Review #2 3 August 2004 U NIVERSITY OF H AWAII I NSTITUTE FOR A STRONOMY Approved for Public Release - Distribution is Unlimited 13 Cosmology - Supernovae Hubble diagram –Dark energy equation of state w(z) –Cosmological parameters Supernova physics Star formation history

14. Pan-STARRS PY2 EOC Review #2 3 August 2004 U NIVERSITY OF H AWAII I NSTITUTE FOR A STRONOMY Approved for Public Release - Distribution is Unlimited 14 Other Cosmology Goals Cosmological transients –Orphaned gamma ray burst statistics –Coalescing binaries Large scale structure –Galaxy clustering statistics via photo-z –Clustering vs galaxy type Low surface brightness galaxies AGN High redshift galaxies

15. Pan-STARRS PY2 EOC Review #2 3 August 2004 U NIVERSITY OF H AWAII I NSTITUTE FOR A STRONOMY Approved for Public Release - Distribution is Unlimited 15 Pan-STARRS Priority 1 Goals PHO census –Detect majority of potentially hazardous objects of diameter >300m (roughly 1000MT impact energy) Weak lensing –Mass power spectrum to very large scales –Evolution of P(k) –Cosmological parameters from Mass function of clusters Geometric tests Supernovae –Probing the equation of state of the dark energy –Understanding the star formation history of the universe GRB afterglows –Testing theories of formation of the most luminous objects in the Universe

16. Pan-STARRS PY2 EOC Review #2 3 August 2004 U NIVERSITY OF H AWAII I NSTITUTE FOR A STRONOMY Approved for Public Release - Distribution is Unlimited 16 Other Science Goals Solar System census Local solar neighborhood census Galactic census Large-scale structure Extra galactic object detection and classification Extra-solar planets Other programs as described in PSDC-200-016-00 Unanticipated discoveries

17. Pan-STARRS PY2 EOC Review #2 3 August 2004 U NIVERSITY OF H AWAII I NSTITUTE FOR A STRONOMY Approved for Public Release - Distribution is Unlimited 17 Pan-STARRS Observatory States and Modes Operational Survey Modes Solar System (Ecliptic Plane) – used primarily to satisfy the observing requirements imposed by the PHO, NEO, MBA, KBO and other SS programs. 3  – used primarily to satisfy the observing requirements of the WL, LSN census, and EG object detection & classification programs; primary cadence drivers are the LSN census (and other proper motion studies) Medium-Deep – the SNe, LSS, and the EG object detection & classification programs; primary cadence driver being SNe Ultra-Deep – EG object detection & classification and, to some extent, SNe programs Object Variability/Auxiliary – mostly user-defined supporting programs such as stellar variability and the search for extra-solar planets

18. Pan-STARRS PY2 EOC Review #2 3 August 2004 U NIVERSITY OF H AWAII I NSTITUTE FOR A STRONOMY Approved for Public Release - Distribution is Unlimited 18 Science Goals  Survey System Requirements All PS science programs benefit from –Large collecting area –Large field of view –Good image quality –Short (and therefore numerous) exposures –Photometric precision –Astrometric precision At a detailed level, some distinctions emerge –The PHO census benefits particularly from astrometric precision and demands short exposure times –The supernova program places a particular premium on photometric precision –The weak lensing program requires good control of the image shape –The GRB program requires prompt processing of the image data The priority 1 science goals span this space of requirements –If these goals can be met then most, if not all, other science goals can also be satisfied.

19. Pan-STARRS PY2 EOC Review #2 3 August 2004 U NIVERSITY OF H AWAII I NSTITUTE FOR A STRONOMY Approved for Public Release - Distribution is Unlimited 19 Pan-STARRS System Concept Above considerations lead to a system concept of a distributed array of 3 or more telescopes, each with a Gigapixel camera with a 3 degree FOV made up of arrays of arrays of OTA CCDs. Set of small telescopes is cheaper than single large telescope of equivalent collecting area. C  D   2.6 – 3, but A  D² Allows simultaneous imaging of nearly the same field by ≥ 3 cameras Fills in gaps and dead cells Unambiguous identification of artifacts (cosmic rays etc) Array of arrays CCD design dramatically improves yield, reduces cost. Produces a clean combined image at a given time stamp. Image reduction of individual detector images is highly parallel Must reduce data at very nearly the same rate that you take it, or processing will fall behind. Data processing can be done by large cluster of pc processors.

20. Pan-STARRS PY2 EOC Review #2 3 August 2004 U NIVERSITY OF H AWAII I NSTITUTE FOR A STRONOMY Approved for Public Release - Distribution is Unlimited 20 System Top-Level Description 1.Telescopes (includes enclosure) (TEL) 2.Cameras (includes control software) (CAM) 3.Observatory, Telescope, and Instrument Software (OTIS) 4.Image Processing Pipeline (IPP) 5.Moving Object Processing System (MOPS) 6.Published Science Products System (PSPS) Conceptual Design: Divide System into six Subsystem modules that have conceptually simple interfaces.

21. Pan-STARRS PY2 EOC Review #2 3 August 2004 U NIVERSITY OF H AWAII I NSTITUTE FOR A STRONOMY Approved for Public Release - Distribution is Unlimited 21 Pan-STARRS Overview

22. Pan-STARRS PY2 EOC Review #2 3 August 2004 U NIVERSITY OF H AWAII I NSTITUTE FOR A STRONOMY Approved for Public Release - Distribution is Unlimited 22 Pan-STARRS Operations and Process Flow

23. Pan-STARRS PY2 EOC Review #2 3 August 2004 U NIVERSITY OF H AWAII I NSTITUTE FOR A STRONOMY Approved for Public Release - Distribution is Unlimited 23 Pan-STARRS Operations and Data Flow

24. Pan-STARRS PY2 EOC Review #2 3 August 2004 U NIVERSITY OF H AWAII I NSTITUTE FOR A STRONOMY Approved for Public Release - Distribution is Unlimited 24 Instrumental catalogs - Instrumental magnitudes, coordinates - For precision astrometry/photometry - Postage stamps for bright objects Cumulative static sky images - Signal + exposure maps - Best + working + compressed intermediate saves Static sky catalogs - Includes time history of object magnitudes Difference image detection stream Recent (~1 month) source and difference images Science Data Products

25. Pan-STARRS PY2 EOC Review #2 3 August 2004 U NIVERSITY OF H AWAII I NSTITUTE FOR A STRONOMY Approved for Public Release - Distribution is Unlimited 25 1.Image Quality Assessment 2.Image Science Validation 3.Schedule Assessment 4.Schedule Changes 5.User Feedback 6.Science Goals Modification 7.Science Program Modification 8.System Modification Data Validation and Science Program Compliance

26. Pan-STARRS PY2 EOC Review #2 3 August 2004 U NIVERSITY OF H AWAII I NSTITUTE FOR A STRONOMY Approved for Public Release - Distribution is Unlimited 26 Pan-STARRS External Data Products

27. Pan-STARRS PY2 EOC Review #2 3 August 2004 U NIVERSITY OF H AWAII I NSTITUTE FOR A STRONOMY Approved for Public Release - Distribution is Unlimited 27 Today lets talk about four: 1.Published Science Products System (PSPS) 2.Telescopes (includes enclosure) (TEL) 3.Cameras (includes control software) (CAM) 4.Image Processing Pipeline (IPP)

28. Pan-STARRS PY2 EOC Review #2 3 August 2004 U NIVERSITY OF H AWAII I NSTITUTE FOR A STRONOMY Approved for Public Release - Distribution is Unlimited 28 PSPS Conceptual Design Components

29. Pan-STARRS PY2 EOC Review #2 3 August 2004 U NIVERSITY OF H AWAII I NSTITUTE FOR A STRONOMY Approved for Public Release - Distribution is Unlimited 29 88” site option

30. Pan-STARRS PY2 EOC Review #2 3 August 2004 U NIVERSITY OF H AWAII I NSTITUTE FOR A STRONOMY Approved for Public Release - Distribution is Unlimited 30 88” Site Option

31. Pan-STARRS PY2 EOC Review #2 3 August 2004 U NIVERSITY OF H AWAII I NSTITUTE FOR A STRONOMY Approved for Public Release - Distribution is Unlimited 31 88” Site Option

32. Pan-STARRS PY2 EOC Review #2 3 August 2004 U NIVERSITY OF H AWAII I NSTITUTE FOR A STRONOMY Approved for Public Release - Distribution is Unlimited 32 Haleakala

33. Pan-STARRS PY2 EOC Review #2 3 August 2004 U NIVERSITY OF H AWAII I NSTITUTE FOR A STRONOMY Approved for Public Release - Distribution is Unlimited 33 Haleakala High Altitude Observatory Site

34. Pan-STARRS PY2 EOC Review #2 3 August 2004 U NIVERSITY OF H AWAII I NSTITUTE FOR A STRONOMY Approved for Public Release - Distribution is Unlimited 34 Overview MAGNUM Dome Currently being replaced by University of Tokyo (at increased height) LURE Dome - To be Replaced by IceStorm Enclosure housing PS1 Telescope Service Building To be Refurbished LURE building To be Demolished (excavated to rock)

35. Pan-STARRS PY2 EOC Review #2 3 August 2004 U NIVERSITY OF H AWAII I NSTITUTE FOR A STRONOMY Approved for Public Release - Distribution is Unlimited 35 Completed Facility Series II IceStorm Enclosure Refurbished LURE Building New Access Stairs Completed facility is contained within envelope of existing building plan

36. Pan-STARRS PY2 EOC Review #2 3 August 2004 U NIVERSITY OF H AWAII I NSTITUTE FOR A STRONOMY Approved for Public Release - Distribution is Unlimited 36 Enclosure Overview (Perspective) Level 3 : Observing Floor Mirror Cart / Camera Cart Rails 1200mm wide Access Door to Level 1 : Equipment / Rack Room (door not shown) Service Balcony Access Stair Access Balcony Level 2 : Floor below Ground Level : Storage

37. Pan-STARRS PY2 EOC Review #2 3 August 2004 U NIVERSITY OF H AWAII I NSTITUTE FOR A STRONOMY Approved for Public Release - Distribution is Unlimited 37 Support Building Plan M1 Mezzanine Floor Over Hoist Beam Camera Workshop 2.2m Roller Door to Ground Floor of Enclosure Camera Door

38. Pan-STARRS PY2 EOC Review #2 3 August 2004 U NIVERSITY OF H AWAII I NSTITUTE FOR A STRONOMY Approved for Public Release - Distribution is Unlimited 38 Telescope Block Diagram Blue Lines show mechanical interfaces = internal Red lines show control interfaces = external Open circles = external control computers/processes Open boxes = external subsystems CC = Cassegrain Core M1, M2 = Primary & Secondary mirrors L1-L3 = Corrector Lenses B1-B3 = Baffles

39. Pan-STARRS PY2 EOC Review #2 3 August 2004 U NIVERSITY OF H AWAII I NSTITUTE FOR A STRONOMY Approved for Public Release - Distribution is Unlimited 39 Optical Design

40. Pan-STARRS PY2 EOC Review #2 3 August 2004 U NIVERSITY OF H AWAII I NSTITUTE FOR A STRONOMY Approved for Public Release - Distribution is Unlimited 40 Detector design Problem: need to reduce cost/pixel, decrease read times Solution - array of arrays –Each 5x5cm device is a 8x8 grid of independently addressable cells Increased yield Multiplexed readout Ameliorates effects of bright stars Continuous monitoring of many guide stars across focal plane

41. Pan-STARRS PY2 EOC Review #2 3 August 2004 U NIVERSITY OF H AWAII I NSTITUTE FOR A STRONOMY Approved for Public Release - Distribution is Unlimited 41 OTA Package

42. Pan-STARRS PY2 EOC Review #2 3 August 2004 U NIVERSITY OF H AWAII I NSTITUTE FOR A STRONOMY Approved for Public Release - Distribution is Unlimited 42 Gigapixel camera focal plane

43. Pan-STARRS PY2 EOC Review #2 3 August 2004 U NIVERSITY OF H AWAII I NSTITUTE FOR A STRONOMY Approved for Public Release - Distribution is Unlimited 43 Orthogonal Transfer Technology Conventional “3-phase” devices clock charge in 1 direction. Adding a 4th gate per pixel allows clocking in 2-D –On chip fast guiding - guide out motions arising from first ~100m of atmosphere Pixel structure Independently Addressable Cell OTA: 8x8 Array of Cells

44. Pan-STARRS PY2 EOC Review #2 3 August 2004 U NIVERSITY OF H AWAII I NSTITUTE FOR A STRONOMY Approved for Public Release - Distribution is Unlimited 44 OTCCDs Work M13 I band 300 sec Telescope guiding only With OT tracking 0.59" FWHM psf 0.45" FWHM psf 7 Hz frame rate

45. Pan-STARRS PY2 EOC Review #2 3 August 2004 U NIVERSITY OF H AWAII I NSTITUTE FOR A STRONOMY Approved for Public Release - Distribution is Unlimited 45 Typical Sequenced Readout Open Shutter Acquire –~1 sec integration, readout ~0.5sec –Pixelserver determines ~5 guide objects in 5 cells per OTA Guide + Integration –~5 guide cell subarray readout at 10-30Hz (<100Hz) –Pixelserver centroids and determines guide subarray position –Pixelserver also computes OT parallel shift patterns for remaining cell Expected Itimes Nominal 10s of seconds –Max ~1000sec –Min ~shutter speed/setup Apply OT parallel shift clocks (~10usec each) Delay ~50msec Close shutter and Readout < 5 sec

46. Pan-STARRS PY2 EOC Review #2 3 August 2004 U NIVERSITY OF H AWAII I NSTITUTE FOR A STRONOMY Approved for Public Release - Distribution is Unlimited 46 Image Acquisition & Camera Operations

47. Pan-STARRS PY2 EOC Review #2 3 August 2004 U NIVERSITY OF H AWAII I NSTITUTE FOR A STRONOMY Approved for Public Release - Distribution is Unlimited 47 OTA Input and Control Sequenced readout Guide rates 10-30Hz Nominal guide patch 10 arcsec patch = ~32 X 32 pixels ( 0.3 arcsec/pixel ) 10msec/1024 pixels = 9.77 μsec/pixel, max speed clock + signal condition + ADC + buffer Centroid and shift calculation time + Change clock patterns, latency goal = 2msec Clocking pattern time resolution ~10nsec

48. Pan-STARRS PY2 EOC Review #2 3 August 2004 U NIVERSITY OF H AWAII I NSTITUTE FOR A STRONOMY Approved for Public Release - Distribution is Unlimited 48 OTA Output 100K e- well and expected 4e- noise at 1 MHz 2e- noise goal at 100 kHz (guiding) ADC bit resolution – approx two bits on the noise 100k / 4 = 25K X 2 = 50K resolution wanted (16 bits = 64K ( > 14bits)) Image memory OTA 4096 x 4096 pixels = 16M pixels = 32MBytes (16 bit resolution) 8 x 8 focal plane = 1Gpixel = 2Gbytes (16bit) Data buffering and storage Unless data transport is real time, minimum storage is 2Gbytes 4Gbytes double buffered.

49. Pan-STARRS PY2 EOC Review #2 3 August 2004 U NIVERSITY OF H AWAII I NSTITUTE FOR A STRONOMY Approved for Public Release - Distribution is Unlimited 49

50. Pan-STARRS PY2 EOC Review #2 3 August 2004 U NIVERSITY OF H AWAII I NSTITUTE FOR A STRONOMY Approved for Public Release - Distribution is Unlimited 50

51. Pan-STARRS PY2 EOC Review #2 3 August 2004 U NIVERSITY OF H AWAII I NSTITUTE FOR A STRONOMY Approved for Public Release - Distribution is Unlimited 51 IPP Overview IPP Image Server - repository for all images and other large data files. Images and other data files may be distributed to specific nodes in the cluster. Location of objects may be returned as well. IPP AP Database - storage and manipulation of astronomical objects & detections. Performs quick association of detections. Provides basic tools for astrometric and photometric calibrations. Speed more important that sophistication of queries. IPP Metadata DB - storage for other data, including calibration, processing, and logging information. IPP Scheduler - decides on the next tasks to be done IPP Controller - assigns, manages, and monitors analysis tasks on machines on the cluster. selects machines based on the data location reported by the Image Server.

52. Pan-STARRS PY2 EOC Review #2 3 August 2004 U NIVERSITY OF H AWAII I NSTITUTE FOR A STRONOMY Approved for Public Release - Distribution is Unlimited 52 IPP Analysis Phase 1 - Analysis preparation stage: determines rough astrometry from guide stars. Phase 2 - Per-Chip Image pre-processing: applies calibration images, performs basic object detection, determines improved astrometry & photometry, characterizes the PSF. Phase 3 - Per-FPA Calibration Improvement: tweaks astrometry, photometry, and PSF model for a complete FPA. Phase 4 - Image Combination: merges a set of images, rejects outlier pixels, subtracts static sky, detects transients, updates static sky, detects objects. Calibration - Construction of calibration images. Should be run in off times (night, bad weather). AstroRef, PhotoRef - construction of improved astrometric & photometric references.

53. Pan-STARRS PY2 EOC Review #2 3 August 2004 U NIVERSITY OF H AWAII I NSTITUTE FOR A STRONOMY Approved for Public Release - Distribution is Unlimited 53 IPP Analysis Stages

54. Pan-STARRS PY2 EOC Review #2 3 August 2004 U NIVERSITY OF H AWAII I NSTITUTE FOR A STRONOMY Approved for Public Release - Distribution is Unlimited 54 Derived Requirements: Astrometry Performance 8.7.13 astrometric accuracy for commissioning phase: 750 mas 8.7.14 astrometric accuracy for reference catalog phase: 250 mas 8.7.15 astrometric accuracy for normal operations: 100 mas 8.7.20 astrometric reference within 6 months (from end of AP Survey) 8.7.21 astrometric reference astrometry accuracy: 100 mas (abs), 30 mas (rel) 8.7.22 astrometric reference proper motion accuracy: 20 mas / year

55. Pan-STARRS PY2 EOC Review #2 3 August 2004 U NIVERSITY OF H AWAII I NSTITUTE FOR A STRONOMY Approved for Public Release - Distribution is Unlimited 55 Derived Requirements: Photometry Performance 8.7.16 photometric accuracy for commissioning phase: 25 millimags 8.7.17 photometric accuracy for reference catalog phase: 10 millimags 8.7.18 relative photometric accuracy for normal operations: 5 millimags 8.7.19 absolute photometric accuracy for normal operations: 10 millimags 8.7.23 photometric reference within 6 months (from end of AP Survey) 8.7.24 photometric reference global consistency: 5 millimag 8.7.25 photometric reference absolute accuracy: 10 millimag 8.7.4 Master cal. image introduce less than 0.2% errors 8.7.7 Excise >99% of outlier pixels from stack

56. Pan-STARRS PY2 EOC Review #2 3 August 2004 U NIVERSITY OF H AWAII I NSTITUTE FOR A STRONOMY Approved for Public Release - Distribution is Unlimited 56 8.7.29 provide transients to MOPS by the end of the night 8.7.30 provide metadata to MOPS by the end of the night 8.7.31 provide transients to other clients within 5 min after exposure ends 8.7.26 publish static sky images to PSPS every 6 months 8.7.27 publish detected objects to PSPS every 1 month 8.7.28 publish metadata to PSPS every 1 week 8.7.32 store raw images for 1 month 8.7.33 store detected objects for 1 year 8.7.34 store metadata for project lifetime Derived Requirements: Publishing / Storing

57. Pan-STARRS PY2 EOC Review #2 3 August 2004 U NIVERSITY OF H AWAII I NSTITUTE FOR A STRONOMY Approved for Public Release - Distribution is Unlimited 57 PS1 Operations

58. Pan-STARRS PY2 EOC Review #2 3 August 2004 U NIVERSITY OF H AWAII I NSTITUTE FOR A STRONOMY Approved for Public Release - Distribution is Unlimited 58 PS1 Design Reference Mission Commissioning Program (CP) Telescope will be fully commissioned before Reference Mission begins. Astrometry and Photometry (AP) 3  Survey (AP) Five band (grizy) all sky survey, including galactic plane. Image Processing Pipeline (IPP) Verification Program (IVP) Five band medium deep survey of about 84 square degrees. Moving Object Pipeline (MOP) Verification Program (MVP) Single wide band survey of the ``sweet spots’’ in the ecliptic plane.

59. Pan-STARRS PY2 EOC Review #2 3 August 2004 U NIVERSITY OF H AWAII I NSTITUTE FOR A STRONOMY Approved for Public Release - Distribution is Unlimited 59 Astrometry & Photometry (AP) 3  Survey Goals for Astrometry and Photometry Survey: Residuals in instrumental zero points 0.5% rms for photometry. Residuals for absolute astrometry 30 milli-arc seconds (1/10 th of a raw pixel).  First Light Observations

60. Pan-STARRS PY2 EOC Review #2 3 August 2004 U NIVERSITY OF H AWAII I NSTITUTE FOR A STRONOMY Approved for Public Release - Distribution is Unlimited 60 IPP Verification Program - A Medium Deep Survey  First Light Observations Goals for Image Processing Pipeline Verification Program Total of 7200 seconds in 5 filters once every four nights. Total of 84 square degrees in twelve fields spaced evenly in RA.

61. Pan-STARRS PY2 EOC Review #2 3 August 2004 U NIVERSITY OF H AWAII I NSTITUTE FOR A STRONOMY Approved for Public Release - Distribution is Unlimited 61 MOP Verification Program An Ecliptic Plane Survey in a wide filter Two Standard `Sweet Spots’ consist of a total area of 1,200 sq. deg (|beta| < 10, and |lambda| < 15). Each integration consists of four 30 second consecutive exposures to simulate PS4. Each is followed a Unit Time Interval (UIT) later by another integration. After a zero epoch, this is done three times per lunation to establish an orbit.  First Light Observations

62. Pan-STARRS PY2 EOC Review #2 3 August 2004 U NIVERSITY OF H AWAII I NSTITUTE FOR A STRONOMY Approved for Public Release - Distribution is Unlimited 62 PS1 Data Storage Requirements  First Light Observations We can save all the raw data from year 1 and one stacked image with about 0.5 Petabytes of storage. With this approach it will possible to re-reduce the AP survey during year 2 with the global astrometric and photometric solutions.