1. Sensing Security— Advances in Water-Quality Monitoring Glenn G. Patterson U.S. Geological Survey

2. 5 Steps to Water System Security Threat Identification and characterization Vulnerability assessment Physical security Water-Quality Monitoring Communication and Response

3. Components of Monitoring Monitoring plan Sensors –Broad-range –Specific Quality assurance Background levels Communication and response plan

4. The value of time-relevant data Provide data to decision-makers in time for action Detect accidental or intentional releases Improve efficiency of monitoring programs

5. Traditional Real-Time Parameters Stage and streamflow Temperature Specific conductance pH Dissolved Oxygen Turbidity

6. Kansas Water Quality

11. Steps to Deployment of New Sensing Technology Concept Research and Development ($$) Lab Testing Field Testing Deployment Refinement

12. The Value of Partnerships DOE Sandia Labs Army Soldier Biological and Chemical Command Defense Threat Reduction Agency Environmental Protection Agency States, Counties, Cities, Utilities

13. Advances in Europe 71 advanced early-warning monitoring stations Some stations can detect 40+ compounds Active research on interpreting results and determining background levels

16. PARAMETERS AND CONSTITUENTS MONITORED ON THE RIVER TRENT

17. Sensors Available Now Broad Range: Whole-water toxicity-- sentinel species Specific: Semi-volatiles Specific: Volatiles

18. Whole Water Toxicity— Automated Bioassays with Sentinel Species Bacteria Algae Daphnia Clams and mussels Fish

19. Semi-Volatiles HPLC with Solid-phase extraction

20. Volatiles GC with in-situ purge and trap

21. Sensors Under Development DOE--Sandia Labs— Micro-Chemlab on a Chip www.sandia.gov

22. Sensors Under Development DOE—Oak Ridge National Lab— Chemical-Biological Mass Spec with direct inlet

23. Sensor Array Under Development Army Soldier Biological and Chemical Command— Joint Service Agent Water Monitor

24. Sensors Under Development-- Chemical and Biological agents Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform IR Spec Molecular Imprinted Polymers Pyrolysis GC Ion Mobility Mass Spec

25. Sensors Under Development— Biological Agents Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction Antibody-Antigen Tests Surface-Enhanced Ramon Sensors

26. Additional Considerations Background concentrations Need for communication and response plan Field Testing

27. USGS River Monitoring Network Water.usgs.gov/waterwatch