2. Different Phases of Muslim Press  Mohazzib – 1890  Rafiq-e-Hind – 1884  The Muaavin – 1 st Sindhi paper  Paisa Akhbar – 1887, Munshi Mehboob  Wakil – 1895, Sheikh Ghulaam Muhammad  Zamindaar – 1903, Maulvi Sirajuddin  1909 – Maulana Zafar Ali Khan continued  Comrade – 1911, First newspaper in English, Maulana Mohd. Ali  Hamdard – 1911, Maulana Mohd. Ali

3. Key Muslim Journalists: Hasrat Mohaani,  Urdu e Moala – Poet & Journalist  Aggressive & radical in his tone  Boycotted British goods; promoted indigenous industries  Bitter towards political & religious rival magazines  1908 – put behind bars  1913 – newspaper shut down  Contributed to literary and political parties  Assessed the attitude and policies of British  Participated in Cairo-Palestine Conference  Explained British policies – covered minutest details – exposed their insincerity & deception

4. Muhammad Ali Johar: Hamdard & Comrade  Comrade: 1911-1915, mainly due to censorship & financial condition + high licensing cost  Hamdard: 1911-1914, & 1922-1929  Mohd Ali displayed his proficiency in both English & Urdu journalism  He adopted the policy to give vent to his political views & ideals  He believed in forming public opinion rather than just reflecting Public opinion in his writing  Promoted political consciousness  He actively advocated the thinking of Muslims through his articles & editorials  He believed in the power of logic & argument  Categorically asserted that Muslim & Hindus are two separate nations  Advocated Khilafat as political system & Jamal ud din Afghani’s ideology of Muslim brotherhood

5. Maulana Zafar Ali Khan: Zamindar  Zamindar as a weekly started in 1906 in Karamabad (Wazirabad) later published under the editorship of Maulvi Siraj ud din  1909 – Maulana Zafar took over  1911 – shifted to Lahore  Aims & objectives were aimed to enlighten the farming community & to awaken the landed class & to voice their greviences  Maulana Zafar contributed his articles in Deccan Review  Articles in the Deccan Review were also contributed by Maulana Shibli Naumani & Akbar Allahbadi  Established a connection between newspapers & general public, developing a taste for reading amongst them  Use of rhetoric in efficient manner

6. Maulana Zafar Ali Khan  Political tenor & islamic interpretations  Zamindar included views & ideas of foreign press  Powerful symbol & voice of the masses  His writing intensified the evacuation campaign  Zamindar achieved services of International news Agencies, Associated Press of India & Reuters  Also included the translations from English Dailies  Editorial - political poetry  Britishers accused the newspaper of exciting racial & sectarian hatred

7. Maulana Abdul Kalam Azaad: Al Hilaal  Al Hilaal – included articles on various subjects  Advocated freedom of speech in his writing  Ideology – he did not advocate the idea of a separate homeland  He persistently told Muslims to enter Congress and that Muslim & Hindus should made a joint effort to throw the British out of India  He couldn't compete with his contemporary newspapers & did not become popular amongst the masses

8. Freedom Movement – Muslim Press  1924 – 1937  Al – Hilal  Al – Aman  Wahdat  Siyasat  Paigham  Sabah  Inquilab  Muslim Outlook  1938 – 1947  Ehsan  Jang  Shahbaz  Azad  Millat  Dawn  Manshoor  Nawa e Waqt  New Times  Morning news  Star of india

9. Difference of opinion between the newspapers of phase III  Difference was over the demand of a separate homeland  Some of them favored Congress ideology & some conformed to the ideas of Muslim League & Quaid e Azam  Newspapers from 1938 – 1947  Pro-Muslim League newspapers  Reflected Muslim political aspirations  Newspapers were a part of “Create Muslim Press Campaign”

10. Problems of Muslim Press: 1940 – 1947  Internal & external conflicts  Financial problems  Limited circulation; no regular subscription  Advertisement support  Shortage of News-print  Lack of trained staff  Absence of infra-structure  Confiscation of securities

11. Newspapers Published immediately after Independence  Imroz – 1948, Progressive Papers Ltd  Pakistan times – 1947  Kohistan – 1953, editor Naseem Hijazi  Nawa e Waqt  Afaq – 1957, Saigol Brothers Ltd  The Mashriq - 1963

12. Printing Presses / Publishing houses  National Press trust – govt owned  Progressive Papers Ltd – The Pakistan Times, Imroz & Sports Times