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Manure management facilities on farms and their relevance to efficient nutrient use Bernard Hyde & Owen, T. Carton Teagasc, Johnstown Castle The Fertilizer Association of Ireland Winter Scientific Meeting 25 th November 2005 Faculty of Agriculture, University College Dublin
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Manure 2003 - 6.3 million animals = 37 million tonnes Slurry = 29.3 million tonnes Solid = 7.7 million tonnes Dairy cows ~ 28% of slurry & ~ 7% of solid manure
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Topic – facilities & utilisation Manure management facilities Storage Spreading date Spreading method Nutrient efficiency Manure type N, P & K Cost vs. nutrient value
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Requirements for efficient nutrient use NMP Changing slurry spreading date Changing slurry spreading method Storage vs. spreading date? Cost benefit?
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Efficient manure nutrient use
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NMP Soil Manure Crop demand Code of Practice Rate Date Method
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Current utilisation? Indicators? FUS (2002 & 2005) Indications of N, P & K overuse Fert. input = Fert. required Slurry? Farm Facilities Survey (2003) – crop & timing of application
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Topic – facilities & utilisation Manure management facilities Storage Spreading date Spreading method
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Timing of slurry application & % of total SpringSummerAutumnWinterTotal Conservation land0.260.430.110.030.83 Grazing land0.050.040.02 0.13 Maize0.020.010.00 0.03 Tillage0.010.00 0.02 Total0.330.480.140.05
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Timing of slurry application & % of total SpringSummerAutumnWinterTotal Conservation land0.260.430.110.030.83 Grazing land0.050.040.02 0.13 Maize0.020.010.00 0.03 Tillage0.010.00 0.02 Total0.330.480.140.05
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Timing of slurry application & % of total SpringSummerAutumnWinterTotal Conservation land0.260.430.110.030.83 Grazing land0.050.040.02 0.13 Maize0.020.010.00 0.03 Tillage0.010.00 0.02 Total0.330.480.140.05
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Timing of slurry application SpringSummerAutumnWinter Conservation land3152134 Utilisation efficiency N25500 P100 K ?
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Timing of slurry application SpringSummerAutumnWinter Conservation land3152134 Utilisation efficiency N25500 P100 K ? WHY ?
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Efficient manure nutrient use
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Storage Spreading date – 4% in winter Estimated storage deficits – national basis 21% for 16 week storage 31% for 22 week storage Action Programme Ban on winter spreading Required minimum slurry storage Reconcile deficit and date?
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Landspreading - N efficiency N efficiency – key issue Spreading date & rate Soil/weather conditions Contamination Spreading date Spreader availability Farmer owned Contractor
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Slurry spreading opportunities Distribution of the number of days on which soils have a soil moisture deficit in excess of 10 mm. (Schulte et al., in press)
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Silage contamination ? End March/early April Crop – too far advanced Risk of poor fermentation
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Spreader availability C.S.O. – Census of Ag. 2000 124, 108 livestock farms ( = 100 ha) 72, 368 livestock farms (20 to >= 100 ha) 31, 046 farms own or share slurry tankers 35, 281 farms hire or borrow slurry tankers Farm Facilities Survey
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27% consist of 1 holding 31% have 4 + fragments Farm Fragmentation
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Fragment Distance Farm Fragmentation – distance (km)
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Topic – facilities & utilisation Nutrient efficiency
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Nutrient availability Type of manure Dry matter(%) * N (kg/t) Total Spring Summer P (kg/t)K (kg/t) Cattle slurry 6.93.60.90.20.64.3 * Dry matter content varies widely and this determines the nutrient contents
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N availability in slurry Organic - N (Ammonium – N) Inorganic - N
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Ammonium - N Spring NH 3 Crop available Summer NH 3
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Fertiliser N for silage compared to slurry N
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?
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Current utilisation vs. available N Spreading method Spreading date Soil/weather conditions
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=
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= =
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= = NH 3
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= =
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Efficient manure nutrient use
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Advantages of trailing shoe application NH 3 emission reduced Recovery of total N ~ 40 - 50% Slurry can be applied to taller crops Slurry applied to soil surface – contamination ? Increased opportunity for spring application Heavier soils in wetter areas Teagasc research
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Fertiliser N for silage compared to slurry N ?
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Organic N Inorganic/organic = 50/50 Organic material/solid fraction Currently not considered as a reliable N source Mineralization 60 kg N/ha (33t/ha) for slurry Teagasc research
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Topic – facilities & utilisation Cost vs. nutrient value
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Economic value of slurry N (€ million)
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6% 22% 44% 88%
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Economic value of slurry N (€ million) € 67.2
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Economic value of slurry N (€ million) € 67.2 € 3.8
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Economic value of slurry N (€ million) € 67.2 € 3.8 € 14.8
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Economic value of slurry N (€ million) € 67.2 € 3.8 € 14.8 € 29.5
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Economic value of slurry N (€ million) € 67.2 € 3.8 € 14.8 € 29.5 € 59.1
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Economic value (million €) of slurry
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€ 83.9 million
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Economic value (million €) of slurry € 98.7 million
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Economic value (million €) of slurry € 128.1 million
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Summary 29.3 million tonnes slurry Current utilisation Key issues - storage & landspreading Nutrient availability – N efficiency Spreading methodology – conventional vs ts Economic value of slurry - €128 million
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Conclusions Manure/slurry is a valuable resource Short-term Change application timing from summer/autumn to spring Change spreading method Available N in slurry a/c’s ~ 45% of purchased fert. N Long-term Increase nutrient efficiency Organic N Research
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Efficient manure nutrient use
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