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Databases and Information Systems
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This chapter covers the essentials of databases. This topic is very important now that we have the means to obtain so much information. There needs to be a way to organize and retrieve this information. Databases and Information Systems
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The topics covered will be: Database Concepts: The Essentials The Hierarchy of Data Introducing Database Management Systems (DBMS) Types of Database Programs Client/Server Database Systems The Internet Connection: Going Public with Data Databases and Information Systems
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Topics cont. Information Systems: Tools for Global Competitiveness Computerized Information Systems (CIS): Serving an Organization’s Needs Understanding Complex Organizations: The Power Pyramid Databases and Information Systems cont.
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Topics cont. Chain of Command Characteristics of Valuable Information Computers in the Retail Sector Databases and Information Systems cont.
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Database Concepts: The Essentials Terminology Data Database Database programs Information Information systems Database management systems (DBMS)
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The Hierarchy of Data Terminology Bit Characters Fields Field names Data Types- text, numbers, currency,logical Large units of data – memos, objects, BLOBS Records – key field Data file-collection of related records Database- one or more related data files
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The Hierarchy of Data
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Introducing Database Management Systems (DBMS) Database management systems are designed to help people work with all aspects of data. Data Integrity Data validation –define acceptable input ranges Alphabetic check Numeric check Range check Consistency check Completeness check Data Independence
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Introducing Database Management Systems (DBMS) Avoidance of Data Redundancy Data redundancy is a characteristic of a poorly designed system. Data Security Data Maintenance
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Types of Database Programs There are two types of database programs: File Management Programs One file at a time Flat files, no linking
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Types of Database Programs Database Management Systems (DBMS) Can link data from two or more files Relational database Data dictionary Normalization Object-oriented database- newest type Objects Can incorporate sound, video, text and graphics
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Types of Database Programs Data Warehousing Supplements the database management systems of other departments Drill Down Data Mining Data Marts – support one division
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Client/Server Database Systems Database server Is a professionally administered program that runs on a LAN. To access the data users run a client program. Called Client/Server systems Use Query language- SQL
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The Internet Connection: Going Public with Data Web-database Integration A variety of techniques used to make information available through the Internet or intranet connections. There is high demand for employees with skills with Web servers and all aspects of database information systems.
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Information Systems: Tools for Global Competitiveness Business information systems make key information available to employees, managers, and executives and they rely on databases.
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Computerized Information Systems (CIS): Serving an Organization’s Needs Terminology System System life cycle
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Computerized Information Systems (CIS): Serving an Organization’s Needs cont. Computerized information system (CIS) Provides essential services Collects critical data Includes data, etc.
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Understanding Complex Organizations: The Power Pyramid Functional Divisions of an Organization Finance Marketing and sales Human resources Operations Information systems
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Chain of Command Senior management Middle management Operational management
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Chain of Command cont. Management functions Planning Organizing Leading Controlling
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Characteristics of Valuable Information Not all information is valuable, and too often we have more information than we can use. To be valuable information must be: Accessible Accurate Complete Economical Relevant
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Characteristics of Valuable Information cont. Reliable Secure Simple Timely Verifiable
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Characteristics of Valuable Information cont. Techniques of Information Reduction Control Methods Routing Summarizing Selectivity Elimination
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Information Systems in Organizations: A Survey Transaction Processing System (TPS) Day to day accounting needs Batch processing Online processing Reports Summary reports Exception reports
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Information Systems in Organizations: A Survey Management Information System (MIS) Decision Support System (DSS) Executive Information System (EIS) Expert System Utilize artificial intelligence Create interactive systems Knowledge Management System
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Information Systems in Organizations: A Survey cont. Computer-Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) Electronic mail videoconferencing Workflow Automation Business Process Reengineering (BPR) The use of information technology to bring about major changes and cost savings in an organizations structure.
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Computers in the Retail Sector At the Checkout Stand POS terminals UPC Credit card authorization Call centers PDN-to link POS terminals
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