1. Computer Architecture rInput devices: l keyboard l mouse rOutput devices: l screen l printer RAM (memory) I/O Devices Central Processing Unit (CPU) Secondary Storage Registers Computer

2. RAM (memory) I/O Devices Central Processing Unit (CPU) Secondary Storage Registers Computer Central Processing Unit (CPU) r Has 2 components to execute program instructions l Arithmetic/Logic Unit performs arithmetic operations, and makes logical comparisons. l Control Unit controls the order in which your program instructions are executed. rA typical CPU today can execute millions of arithmetic operations in a second.

3. Main Memory rSometimes called random access memory (RAM). rStores the numbers (data) that a program uses when it runs on the computer. rContains millions of circuits which are either off or on (0 or 1)  Binary rAlso stores the instructions of the program that is running on the computer. RAM (memory) I/O Devices Central Processing Unit (CPU) Secondary Storage Registers Computer Data Program Instructions

4. Secondary Storage rPermanent storage used to save data and programs when they are not running on the computer. rSecondary storage is cheaper per Megabyte than memory, but access to data is much slower RAM (memory) I/O Devices Central Processing Unit (CPU) Secondary Storage Registers Computer

5. Memory rThe basic unit of Memory is bit. rThe bit is 0 or 1. rHow many bits form a memory cell ? This depends on the manufacturer but they have standardized on 8bits (1byte). rConverting from binary to decimal ? And from decimal to binary ? 1001=1*2 3 +0*2 2 +0*2 1 +1*2 0 = 9 10010011= ? rWith one bit we can have 2 values 0 or 1. List all the values that you can form with 2 bits and 3 bits ? rList the following in order of smallest to largest : byte, bit, WAN, main memory, memorry cell, LAN, secondary storage.

6. Exercises rWhat do u think that the 3 high level statements mean ? x=a+b+c; x=y*z; and z=z+1 rWhat is the difference between high level language and machine language ? And what system program makes the translation ? rExplain the differences among the source program, the object program and executable program ? Which one do you create ? Which one does the compiler create ? And which one does the loader or the linker create ? rWould a syntax error be found in a source program or an object program ? rWhat system program that would find a syntax error ? What system program that would you use to correct it ?

7. Other Exercises rWhat is the correct order of the operations : execution, translation, linking, and loading ? rHow is a high level program saved on a disk ? rBefore linking, how is a machine language saved on a disk ? And after ? rWhich software that would control interaction of user and computer hardware ? rWhat does it mean booting a computer ? rWhat makes the difference between ROM and RAM ? rProvide the difference between a main memory and secondary storage in terms of characteristics ? (access, cost, volatility, CPU usage). rExample of WAN ? rWhat is a modem ?