1. WWII and Race in America Reform Revolt and Reaction Lecture Three: Term 1 Week 4

2. African Americans in the War Industries Movement to war industries Modernisation of the South 1940-44 pop. Increase 19% in 10 largest areas of war production (Black pop. Increases 49%) 1945 peak of black migration

3. A. Philip Randolph and the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters First black labour union est. 1925 Fought for end to discrimination in war industries

4. Executive Order 8802 Spring 1941 Threat of March on Washington June 1941 FDR meets black leaders Fair Employment Practices Committee Banned discrimination in govt. jobs and war industries

5. African Americans in the Military 1 million African Americans served in the armed forces Still discrimination – FEPC doesn’t apply Alexandria, LA, Riot (Jan 1942) Harlem Riot (Aug 1943)

6. Detroit Riots June 1943 34 dead (25 black) and over 700 injured Sojourner Truth Federal Housing Project

7. “Double V” Pittsburgh Courier coins idea of “double victory” over fascism abroad and racism at home NAACP membership rises to 500,000 by 1945 (900% increase) Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) est. 1942 Smith vs Allwright (Apr 1944) Some increases in black voter registration

8. Racism towards Japanese Americans Japanese American pop 120,000 (90% on West Coast) Nisei (Japanese Americans – born in US to Japanese parents) 100,000 moved to ‘War Relocation Camps’ Spring 1942 1943 loyalty questionnaire

16. Zoot Suits

17. The Zoot Suit Riots Sleepy Lagoon Murder August 1942 May-June 1943 white sailors assault Mexican Americans wearing Zoot Suits in Los Angeles Oct 1944 verdict overturned

18. Conclusions? USA becomes leader of the free world – but what about racism at home? Some gains in Civil Rights? Increased interracial violence towards Japanese-, Mexican- and African American communities