1. Understanding Global Cultures
Thailand

4. Four Generic Types of Cultures
Vertical Collectivism / Authority Ranking Cultures
Ch. 02 The Thai Kingdom
Ch. 03 The Japanese Garden
Ch. 04 India: The Dance of Shiva
Ch. 05 Bedouin Jewelry and Saudi Arabia
Ch. 06 The Turkish Coffeehouse
Ch. 07 The Brazilian Samba
Ch. 08 The Polish Village Church
Ch. 09 Kimchi and Korea

5. Fig. 1.2. Four Generic Types of Cultures (p. 15)
POWER DISTANCE
INDIVIDUALISM COLLECTIVISM
Low
(horizontal)
High
(vertical)
Equality
Matching
(interval)
Community Sharing
(nominal)
Market
Pricing
(ratio)
Authority Ranking
(ordinal)

6. Four Generic Types of Cultures
Vertical Collectivism / Authority Ranking Cultures
authority ranking
found in large parts of Asia, Africa, and Latin America
involves a psychological relationship between the leader or leaders and all others in the culture

7. Four Generic Types of Cultures
Vertical Collectivism / Authority Ranking Cultures
frequently, such a culture is symbolized not by the handshake, which reflects equality, but by different forms of bowing

8. Four Generic Types of Cultures
Vertical Collectivism / Authority Ranking Cultures
there is a dynamic, two-way relationship between subordinates and leaders in authority ranking cultures
although the leaders receive more rewards, they are responsible for safeguarding the livelihoods of subordinates

10. Cultural Metaphors
Unit of analysis in the book = the nation or national culture
Other “units of analysis” may include:
one person (e.g., Paul Buffalo)
the family (e.g., Strodtbeck, see later)
the community
a region
a culture

11. Culture Counts
and it counts quit a bit

12. Geert Hofstede (1991)
IBM study demonstrated that national culture explained 50% of the differences in attitudes in IBM’s 53 countries (p. 5)

13. “Metaphors are not stereotypes.”
Cultural Metaphors
“Metaphors are not stereotypes.”
Why?