1. ASME Oral Presentation Competition Stevens Institute of Technology Mechanical Engineering Dept. Senior Design 2005~06 April 1 st, 2006 Presented By: Lazaro Cosma

2. 2 Presentation Agenda Project Background Project Objective Wave Data Analysis Design Selection Process Final Conceptual Design Detailed Design Description Fabricated Prototype Conclusion

3. 3 Project Background Importance of Renewable Energy –More environmentally conscious –Unlimited resource Major Sources of Renewable Energy –Wind –Solar –Wave

4. 4 Renewable Energy Comparison Wave PowerSolar PowerWind Power Energy Density and Predictability HighLow Availability90%20%-30% Potential SitesVirtually UnlimitedLimitedVery Limited Environmental IssuesNoneVisual PollutionNoise / Visual Pollution Wave Energy Densities (MW) Wave Energy has more potential than Wind and Solar Energies combined

5. 5 Wave Energy Locations Three locations –Shore –Near shore –Offshore Offshore has the most potential for harnessing energy

6. 6 Offshore Wave Energy Advantages Sea waves have high energy densities Negligible demand on land use Ability to secure energy supplies in remote regions Limited negative environmental impact Disadvantages High structural loading in extreme weather conditions Potential navigation hazard to ships

7. 7 Major Problems / Concerns Economic feasibility –Where are the current / future markets Offshore –Location requiring unit to be self- sustaining –Powering from shore not feasible Maintenance and installation Engineering challenges –Harness energy at a cost that is competitive –Efficiency –Utilizing maximum wave motion / height for optimum power potential –Scalability

8. 8 Project Objective Focus on small scale design versus industrial scale Develop device that harnesses wave energy to generate electrical power on a buoy –Off-shore location requires buoy to be self- sustaining –Power will be stored in batteries to be drawn from when needed –Power output in the 100’s of Watts range

9. 9 Design Location: Raritan Bay, New York Harbor Data collected from the past 5 years and statistically analyzed for significant wave height and period Wave Data Analysis Wave HeightWave Period Mean Height: 12.2 inches 95% C.L.: 3.94~27.95 inches Mean Period: 7.14 sec 95% C.L.: 3.1~12.8 sec *C.L. = Confidence Level

10. 10 Design Selection Process Identify Opportunities Customer NeedsTarget Values State of the Art Review Product Architecture / Technical Analysis Concept Generation Concept Screening and Scoring Design SelectionFinal Design

11. 11 Final Conceptual Design Spring Reel Storage Batteries Gearbox Flywheel Alternator One Way Clutch Spring-Reel Design Effectively converts linear motion to rotational motion Cost effective design Integrates device with buoy Modularity of components

12. 12 Spring Operated Reel Function: Convert linear buoy motion into rotational shaft motion Design Aim: Maximize angular velocity of input shaft Velocity dependant on reel diameter Spring must be strong enough to handle large waves, not too strong to suppress small waves Power Springs Spring Housing Output Shaft to Clutch

13. 13 One-Way Clutch & Gearbox One-way Clutch Function: Convert oscillatory motion of reel into unidirectional motion Design Aim: Utilize a one-way clutch bearing that can handle maximum input torque with a desired FOS Gearbox Function: Increase shaft speed for flywheel / alternator system Design Aim: Increase speed by reducing torque to optimize operating RPM for alternator Transmits Torque Freewheels to allow reel to rewind

14. 14 Flywheel & Alternator Flywheel Function: Maintain RPM at alternator Design Aim: Maximize momentum on flywheel, while minimizing required weight Acts as a mechanical battery by storing kinetic energy Alternator Function: Convert mechanical shaft horsepower to usable electrical power Design Aim: Maximize power output at minimum RPM Charge batteries stored on platform for later usage

15. 15 Fabricated Prototype

16. 16 Conclusion Unique design concept –Design integrates maintainability with function –Utilizes rotary motion to capture wave motion –Cost effective design when compared to linear generator designs Wave Power is a viable source of renewable energy –Important to continually push the technology –Potential Markets are present Develop innovative solutions to today’s major issues

17. 17 Questions or Comments? A Special Thanks to: My Team Members - Biruk Assefa, Yuki Sato, Josh Ottinger Advisor - Professor Kishore Pochiraju Consultant - Mike Raftery Institute Machine Shop - George Wohlrob