1. Health Care Industry How it evolved

2. History of Health Care zHistory of Medicine yEarly Healing-First evidence dates back 5,000 years ago in Egypt and Mesopotamia in the form of incantations, exorcisms, prayers to the gods, etc. yProvided by females yFirst medications-opium and caster oil by the Egyptians

3. Ancient Chinese z Yin/Yang=balance. yExample xMale female xHot and cold xDeath and life

4. Ancient Greeks Humour Theory z4 humours control the health of humans yBlood, phlegm, yellow bile and black bile yNature governed by earth, air, fire and water.

5. Ancient Greeks continued zHippocrates- yTheorized that illness was a natural biological event and the body would heal itself naturally given time. yHippocratic Oath- guidelines for the patient/physician relationship

6. Anton Van Leewenhoek z1683 Described bacteria

7. Edward Jenner z 1796 Created an inoculation for small pox

8. Louis Pasteur z1864 Developed the Germ Theory

9. Dr. Ignaz Semmelweiss z(1818-1865) Discovered the importance of infection control measures

10. Joseph Lister z 1867 Used antiseptics for surgery

11. Alexander Flemming z 1928 Discovered penicillin

12. Evolution of Health Care in the U.S. z1850- Development of the first hospitals in Boston and New York. z1940’s U.S. underwent major changes in social, political and technological developments.

13. Results of Changes in 1940’s zA growing interest in social and organizational structure in health care. zDevelopment of Blue Cross and Blue Shield as a method of payment. zFederal government involvement in delivery of health care increased. yHill-Burton Act: approved and directed funds for new hospital construction yCreation of Medicare

14. 1940s - 1980s, 1980s - present zContinued growth in health care zSince 1980’s ylimited resources yrestricted growth yreorganization of delivery and financing yincrease in technology

15. Evolution of Health Problems in U.S. z1850-1900 Epidemics related to contaminated food, water, inadequate housing, sewage disposal. z1900-1940 Instead of acute infectious diseases, chronic diseases, such as heart disease, diabetes.

16. Health Problems continued z1940’s to 1990-Conditions largely due to environment, such as cancer, accidents, etc. z1990’s-present- Conditions due to life style, such as drug use, hygiene, eating habits, etc.

17. Evolution of Technology z1850-1900-If patient recovered from an illness, it was due to will power and nature taking it’s course, not from medical care. zPhysicians were poorly trained. zHospitals were dirty and run down, disease ridden and posed a threat to life.

18. Technology continued z1900-1940 yVitamin deficiency diseases were eliminated. yHeart disease better treated. yPhysicians better trained. z1940-1980 y Technology expansion rapid and expansive. yPhysicians became specialized. ySpecialized training for nursing and allied health

19. Technology continued z1980-2000- yOrgan transplants, MRI, CAT, laser surgeries, gene mapping. z2000 and beyond yHealth care a right or a privilege? yEthical questions with gene mapping.

20. Problems with Advanced Technology zEvaluation of effectiveness of technology lags behind. zExcessive cost zAccess is not universal, due to cost. zHealth care workers are knowledgeable in technology but have problems with human/personal touch.