1. Operation Amplifier

2. Golden Rules of OP Amp 1.i in =0, no current flow into op amp. 2.V + =V - Typically one end of op amp is connected to ground, therefore, V + =V - = 0V, virtual ground. Often V + is connected to ground to avoid stability problem.

3. Inverting Amplifier Feedback resistor, always to negative input

4. Summing Amplifier: Add Circuit If R S1 =R S2 =…=R SN =R S

5. Non-innverting Amplifier Feedback resistor, always to negative input

6. Voltage Follower Applications: Since the input resistance of an op amp  ∞, it will have no effect on the input.

7. Differential Amplifier Very useful if both signals are corrupted with noise: Electrocardiogram (EKG)