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EXHIBIT 5.1 FRAMEWORKS FOR DCF-BASED VALUATION
LAN-ZWB ZWB LAN-ZWB ZWB EXHIBIT 5.1 FRAMEWORKS FOR DCF-BASED VALUATION Model Measure Discount factor Assessment Enterprise discounted cash flow Free cash flow Weighted average cost of capital Works best for projects, business units, and companies that manage their capital structure to a target level Economic profit Weighted average cost of capital Explicitly highlights when a company creates value Adjusted present value Free cash flow Unlevered cost of equity Highlights changing capital structure more easily than WACC-based models. Capital cash flow Unlevered cost of equity Compresses free cash flow and the interest tax shield in one number, making it difficult to compare performance among companies and over time Equity cash flow Cash flow to equity Levered cost of equity Difficult to implement correctly because capital structure is embedded within cash flow. Best used when valuing financial institutions
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EXHIBIT 5.2 ENTERPRISE VALUATION OF A SINGLE-BUSINESS COMPANY
LAN-ZWB ZWB LAN-ZWB ZWB EXHIBIT 5.2 ENTERPRISE VALUATION OF A SINGLE-BUSINESS COMPANY $ Million Free cash flow from operations Discount free cash flow by the weighted average cost of capital Economic assets generate operating cash flow = 427.5 427.5 Enter-prise value After-tax cash flow to debt holders Debt value 200.0 + Financial claims on the company’s operating cash flow Cash flow equity holders Equity value 227.5 Year 1 2 3 4 5 * Debt value equals discounted after-tax cash flow to debt holders plus present value of interest tax shield
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EXHIBIT 5.3 ENTERPRISE VALUATION OF A MULTIBUSINESS COMPANY
LAN-ZWB ZWB LAN-ZWB ZWB EXHIBIT 5.3 ENTERPRISE VALUATION OF A MULTIBUSINESS COMPANY $ Million Unit A Unit B Unit C Corporate center Excess cash Enterprise cash Value of debt Equity value Value of operating units
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EXHIBIT 5.4 HOME DEPOT: ENTERPRISE DCF VALUATION
LAN-ZWB ZWB LAN-ZWB ZWB EXHIBIT 5.4 HOME DEPOT: ENTERPRISE DCF VALUATION Free cash flow (FCF) $ Million Discount factor @ 9.3% Present value of FCF $ Million Year 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Continuing value 1,930 2,219 2,539 2,893 3,283 3,711 4,180 4,691 5,246 5,849 133,360 0.915 0.837 0.766 0.700 0.641 0.586 0.536 0.491 0.449 0.411 1,766 1,857 1,944 2,026 2,104 2,175 2,241 2,301 2,355 2,402 54,757 Present value of cash flow 75,928 Mid-year adjustment factor 1,046 Value of operations 79,384 Value of excess cash Value of other nonoperating assets 1,609 84 Enterprise value 81,077 Value of debt Value of capitalized operating leases (1,365) (6,554) Equity value 73,158 Number of shares (at fiscal year-end 2003, million) 2,257 Estimated share value (Dollars) 32.41
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EXHIBIT 5.5 HOME DEPOT AND LOWE’S: HISTORICAL ROIC ANALYSIS
LAN-ZWB ZWB LAN-ZWB ZWB EXHIBIT 5.5 HOME DEPOT AND LOWE’S: HISTORICAL ROIC ANALYSIS $ Million Home Depot Lowe’s 2001 2002 2003 2001 2002 2003 Net sales Cost of merchandise sold Selling, general and administrative Depreciation Operating lease interest 53,553 (37,406) (10,451) (756) 288 58,247 (40,139) (11,375) (895) 260 64,816 (44,236) (12,658) (1,075) 276 22,111 (15,743) (4,053) (517) 106 26,491 (18,465) (4,859) (626) 106 30,838 (21,231) (5,671) (758) 114 Adjusted EBITA 5,228 6,098 7,123 1,904 2,647 3,292 Adjusted taxes (2,020) (2,117) (2,040) (654) (825) (1,069) NOPLAT 3,208 3,981 5,083 1,250 1,822 2,223 Invested capital Operating working capital Net property and equipment Capitalized operating leases Net other assets 2,552 15,375 5,459 (216) 2,746 17,168 5,890 (247) 2,674 20,063 6,554 (524) 1,634 8,653 2,189 134 1,451 10,352 2,373 145 1,363 11,945 2,762 211 Invested capital (excluding goodwill) 23,170 25,557 28,767 12,611 14,321 16,281 Acquired intangibles and goodwill Cumulative amortization and unreported goodwill 419 46 575 54 833 55 730 730 730 Invested capital (including goodwill) 23,635 26,185 29,655 13,341 15,051 17,012 ROIC excluding goodwill (average) ROIC including goodwill (average) 14.5% 14.3% 16.3% 16.0% 18.7% 18.2% 10.9% 10.3% 13.5% 12.8% 14.5% 13.9%
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EXHIBIT 5.8 HOME DEPOT: FREE CASH FLOW SUMMARY
LAN-ZWB ZWB LAN-ZWB ZWB EXHIBIT 5.8 HOME DEPOT: FREE CASH FLOW SUMMARY $ Million Home depot Lowe’s 2001 2002 2003 2001 2002 2003 NOPLAT Depreciation Gross cash flow Investment in operating working capital Net capital expenditures Investment in capitalized operating leases Investments in intangibles and goodwill Decrease (increase) in other operating assets Increase (decrease) in accumulated other comprehensive income Gross investment Free cash flow 3,208 756 3,964 834 (3,063) (775) (113) 105 (153) (3,165) 799 3,981 895 4,876 (194) (2,688) (430) (164) 31 138 (3,307) 1,569 5,083 1,075 6,157 72 (3,970) (664) (259) 277 172 (4,372) 1,785 5,185 1,193 6,378 (294) (3,399) (721) (92) 58 (4,448) 1,930 5,741 1,321 7,062 (318) (3,708) (780) (99) 62 (4,843) 2,219 6,342 1,459 7,801 (344) (4,036) (842) (107) 67 (5,261) 2,539
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EXHIBIT 5.10 HOME DEPOT: WEIGHTED AVERAGE COST OF CAPITAL
LAN-ZWB ZWB LAN-ZWB ZWB EXHIBIT 5.10 HOME DEPOT: WEIGHTED AVERAGE COST OF CAPITAL Percent Proportion of total capital After-tax opportunity cost Contribution to weighted average Source of capital Cost of capital Marginal tax rate Debt Equity 8.3 91.7 100.0 4.7 9.9 38.2 2.9 9.9 0.2 9.1 9.3 WACC
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EXHIBIT 5.11 HOME DEPOT: ECONOMIC PROFIT SUMMARY
LAN-ZWB ZWB LAN-ZWB ZWB EXHIBIT 5.11 HOME DEPOT: ECONOMIC PROFIT SUMMARY $ Million, percent Historical Forecast Method 1 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 Return on invested capital 15.0% 16.8% 19.4% 17.5% 17.4% 17.4% Weighted average cost of capital 10.1% 9.0% 9.3% 9.3% 9.3% 9.3% Economic spread 4.9% 7.9% 10.1% 8.2% 8.1% 8.1% Invested capital 21,379 23,635 26,185 29,655 32,910 36,432 Economic profit 1,048 1,857 2,645 2,424 2,677 2,950 Method 2 Invested capital 21,379 23,635 26,185 29,655 32,910 36,432 Weighted average cost of capital 10.1% 9.0% 9.3% 9.3% 9.3% 9.3% Capital charge 2,159 2,124 2,438 2,761 3,064 3,392 NOPLAT 3,208 3,981 5,083 5,185 5,741 6,342 Capital charge 2,159 2,124 2,438 2,761 3,064 3,392 Economic profit 1,048 1,857 2,645 2,424 2,677 2,950
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EXHIBIT 5.12 HOME DEPOT: ECONOMIC PROFIT VALUATION
LAN-ZWB ZWB LAN-ZWB ZWB EXHIBIT 5.12 HOME DEPOT: ECONOMIC PROFIT VALUATION Invested Capital* $ Million Economic profit $ Million Discount factor @ 9.3% Present value of economic profit $ Million ROIC Percent WACC Percent Year 2004 29,655 17.5 9.3 2,424 0.915 2,217 2005 32,910 17.4 9.3 2,677 0.837 2,241 2006 36,432 17.4 9.3 2,950 0.766 2,259 2007 40,235 17.4 9.3 3,242 0.700 2,271 2008 44,329 17.3 9.3 3,556 0.641 2,278 2009 48,729 17.3 9.3 3,890 0.586 2,281 2010 53,445 17.3 9.3 4,247 0.536 2,278 2011 58,488 17.2 9.3 4,627 0.491 2,270 2012 63,870 17.2 9.3 5,031 0.449 2,258 2013 69,600 17.2 9.3 5,458 0.411 2,241 Continuing value 57,671 0.411 23,679 Present value of economic profit 46,273 Invested capital*2004 29,655 Invested capital plus present value of economic profit 75,928 Mid-year adjustment factor 1.046 Value of operations 79,384 Value of excess cash 1,609 Value of other nonoperating assets 84 Enterprise value 81,077 Value of debt (1,365) Value of capitalized operating leases (6,554) Equity value 73,158 * Invested capital is measured at the beginning of the year
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EXHIBIT 5.13 HOME DEPOT: VALUATION USING ADJUSTED PRESENT VALUE
LAN-ZWB ZWB LAN-ZWB ZWB Free cash flow $ Million Interest tax shield (ITS) Discount factor @ 9.5% Present value of FCF $ Million Present value of ITS $ Million Year 2004 1,930 113 0.914 1,763 103 2005 2,219 120 0.835 1,852 100 2006 2,539 128 0.763 1,936 98 2007 2,893 136 0.697 2,016 95 2008 3,283 145 0.636 2,090 92 2009 3,711 153 0.581 2,158 89 2010 4,180 162 0.531 2,220 86 2011 4,691 171 0.485 2,276 83 2012 5,246 180 0.443 2,326 80 2013 5,849 189 0.405 2,369 77 Continuing value 129,734 3,626 0.405 52,550 1,469 Present value 73,557 2,372 Present value of FCF using unlevered cost of equity 73,557 Present value of interest tax shields (ITS) 2,372 Present value of FCF and ITS 75,928 Mid-year adjustment factor 1.046 Value of operations 79,384 Value of excess cash 1,609 Value of other nonoperating assets 84 Enterprise value 81,077 Value of debt (1,365) Value of capitalized operating leases (6,554) Equity value 73,158
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EXHIBIT 5.14 HOME DEPOT: FORECAST OF INTEREST TAX SHIELDS
LAN-ZWB ZWB LAN-ZWB ZWB EXHIBIT 5.14 HOME DEPOT: FORECAST OF INTEREST TAX SHIELDS Prior year net debt $ Million Expected interest rate Percent Interest payment $ Million Marginal tax rate Percent Interest tax shield $ Million Year 2004 6,310 4.7 295 38.2 113 2005 6,737 4.7 315 38.2 120 2006 7,179 4.7 336 38.2 128 2007 7,637 4.7 357 38.2 136 2008 8,107 4.7 379 38.2 145 2009 8,589 4.7 402 38.2 153 2010 9,081 4.7 425 38.2 162 2011 9,579 4.7 448 38.2 171 2012 10,081 4.7 472 38.2 180 2013 10,583 4.7 495 38.2 189 Continuing value 11,082 4.7 518 38.2 198
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EXHIBIT 5.15 HOME DEPOT: EQUITY CASH FLOW SUMMARY
LAN-ZWB ZWB LAN-ZWB ZWB EXHIBIT 5.15 HOME DEPOT: EQUITY CASH FLOW SUMMARY $ Million Historical Forecast 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 Net income 3,044 3,664 4,304 4,796 5,318 5,882 Depreciation 756 895 1,075 1,193 1,321 1,459 Amortization 8 8 1 Increase (decrease) in deferred taxes (6) 173 605 214 237 262 Gross cash flow 3,802 4,740 5,985 6,203 6,876 7,603 Investment in operating working capital 834 (194) 72 (294) (318) (344) Investment in net long-term assets (3,224) (2,683) (3,780) (3,433) (3,745) (4,076) Decrease (increase) in excess cash (1,509) 383 (473) (177) (191) (207) Investment in other nonoperating assets 9 (24) 23 (9) (10) (11) Increase (decrease) in short-term debt 207 (211) 509 (44) (54) (66) Increase (decrease) in long-term debt (295) 71 (465) (73) (91) (112) Cash flow to equity (176) 2,082 1,871 2,173 2,466 2,788 Dividends 396 492 595 663 735 813 Share repurchases (issued) (572) 1,590 1,276 1,510 1,731 1,975 Cash flow to equity (176) 2,082 1,871 2,173 2,466 2,788
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EXHIBIT 5.16 HOME DEPOT: CASH-FLOW-TO-EQUITY VALUATION
LAN-ZWB ZWB LAN-ZWB ZWB EXHIBIT 5.16 HOME DEPOT: CASH-FLOW-TO-EQUITY VALUATION Cash flow to equity $ Million Discount factor @ 9.9% Present value of CFE $ Million Year 2004 2,173 0.910 1,978 2005 2,466 0.828 2,042 2006 2,788 0.754 2,101 2007 3,143 0.686 2,155 2008 3,530 0.624 2,203 2009 3,954 0.568 2,245 2010 4,416 0.517 2,282 2011 4,917 0.470 2,312 2012 5,459 0.428 2,336 2013 6,044 0.389 2,353 Continuing value 122,492 0.389 47,695 Present value of cash flow to equity 69,702 Midyear adjustment amount 3,456 Equity value 73,158
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