1. Evidence of allopatric speciation: genetic divergence in refuges mtDNA clades: 3-4 mya freshwater refuges separated by Salt water barrier

2. Part of one clade of Rana pipiens: divergence and contact Species isolated by habitat breeding season vocalization hybrid inviability Allopatric and parapatric distributions

3. Conservation of climatic niche space: cross predictions of the ranges of two species

4. Relative importance of ecological segregation and geographic distance in producing genetic divergence SI = sexual isolation index laboratory mating trials Leaf beetle: Neochlamisus bebbianae

5. Mating system, intersexual selection, reproductive isolation, and speciation: Promiscuous males vs. monogamous pairs Sister clades

6. Enhancement of prezygotic barriers to interspecific crosses

7. Peripatric speciation: founder effect? Paradise kingfishers

8. Parapatric speciation in progress across c. 300 feet of ground Grass: Anthoxanthum odoratum Self-pollination vs. cross pollination