1. Molecular Biology of Genes Chapters 11-12 + DNA Technology (not in your book)

2. Double Stranded Helix

3. Nitrogenous Bases

5. So how do we copy it?

8. Genotype to Phenotype

9. Building Blocks of Proteins

13. tRNA

14. Ribosome Structure Large Subunit Small Subunit

17. Mutations

18. Sickle Cell Example

19. DNA Technology

20. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) - used to amplify DNA sequences

21. Gel electrophoresis sorts DNA molecules by size ++ – – Power source Gel Mixture of DNA molecules of different sizes Longer molecules Shorter molecules Completed gel

22. How Restriction Fragments Reflect DNA Sequence –Restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) reflect differences in DNA samples Crime sceneSuspect w x yy z Cut DNA from chromosomes C C G G G G C C A C G G T G C C C C G G G G C C C C G G G G C C x, y, z = restriction fragments Red line =restriction site

23. –After digestion by restriction enzymes the fragments are run through a gel – + Longer fragments Shorter fragments x w y z y 12 Crime sceneSuspect w x yy z Cut DNA from chromosomes C C G G G G C C A C G G T G C C C C G G G G C C C C G G G G C C

24. DNA fingerprinting can help solve crimes Defendant’s blood Blood from defendant’s clothes Victim’s blood