1. Backus Naur Grammars and Augmented Transition Networks By David Salley December 1 st, 2005

2. Definitions Cybernetics -- The study of communication and control processes in biological, mechanical, and electronic systems and the comparison of these processes in biological and artificial systems. Artificial Intelligence -- performance by a computer system of tasks normally requiring human intelligence.

3. Definitions Expert System -- a computer program that applies artificial-intelligence methods to problem-solving Algorithm -- A step-by-step problem-solving procedure, especially an established recursive computational procedure for solving a problem in a finite number of steps.

4. Famous AIs & Expert Systems ELIZA -- a Rogerian psychotherapist ELIZA -- a Rogerian psychotherapist PARRY -- the paranoid PARRY -- the paranoid CASSIE – reads stories CASSIE – reads stories DARPA – routes supplies DARPA – routes supplies ALVINN – drives a car ALVINN – drives a car DEEP BLUE – plays chess DEEP BLUE – plays chess CLIPPIE – Microsoft office help CLIPPIE – Microsoft office help

5. Backus Naur Grammar sentence :: noun_phrase verb_phrase ; noun_phrase :: [ART.][ADJ.]* NOUN; verb_phrase :: VERB [ADVERB] | | VERB [noun_phrase] ; | | VERB [noun_phrase] ;

6. Backus Naur Grammar expression :: expression ‘+’ product | | expression ‘-’ product | | product ; product :: product ‘*’ product | | product ‘/’ product | | product ‘/’ product | | factor ; | | factor ; factor :: IDENTIFIER | | CONSTANT | | ‘(‘ expression ‘)’ ; | | ‘(‘ expression ‘)’ ;

7. Backus Naur Grammar program :: BEGIN statement_list END ; statement_list :: statement_list statement | | ; statement :: IF expression THEN statement_list [ELSE statement_list ] END_IF | | WHILE expression DO statement_list END_WHILE; | | IDENTIFIER ‘=‘ expression | | IDENTIFIER ‘=‘ expression | | etc.

8. Backus Naur Grammar 1. : : 1. : : 2. : : AND | 2. : : AND | 3. : : [ ] | [ ] 3. : : [ ] | [ ] 4. : : BARRY | CHECKY | VAIRY | etc. 4. : : BARRY | CHECKY | VAIRY | etc. 5. : : PER BEND | PER FESS | PER PALE | etc. 5. : : PER BEND | PER FESS | PER PALE | etc. 6. : : DOVETAILED | EMBATTLED | POTENTY | etc. 6. : : DOVETAILED | EMBATTLED | POTENTY | etc. 7. : : | | 7. : : | | 8. : : | | 8. : : | | 9. : : AZURE | GULES | PURPURE | VERT | SABLE 9. : : AZURE | GULES | PURPURE | VERT | SABLE 10. : : ARGENT | OR 10. : : ARGENT | OR 11. : : ERMINE | VAIR | PEAN | etc. 11. : : ERMINE | VAIR | PEAN | etc. 12. : : FRETTY | MAILLY | MASONED | etc. 12. : : FRETTY | MAILLY | MASONED | etc.

9. Augmented Transition Network

11. Questions ?

12. Thank you!