1. SWITCH YOUR FOCUS TO EQUALIZATION What Nonlinear Optics Can do for You Cecilia J. Vogel research with Dr. D. Andersen University of Iowa

2. SWITCH YOUR FOCUS TO EQUALIZATION What Nonlinear Optics Can do for You Cecilia J. Vogel research with Dr. D. Andersen University of Iowa

3. SWITCH YOUR FOCUS TO EQUALIZATION What Nonlinear Optics Can do for You Cecilia J. Vogel research with Dr. D. Andersen University of Iowa

4. SWITCH YOUR FOCUS TO EQUALIZATION What Nonlinear Optics Can do for You Cecilia J. Vogel research with Dr. D. Andersen University of Iowa

5. SWITCH YOUR FOCUS TO EQUALIZATION What Nonlinear Optics Can do for You Cecilia J. Vogel research with Dr. D. Andersen University of Iowa

6. SWITCH YOUR FOCUS TO EQUALIZATION What Nonlinear Optics Can do for You Cecilia J. Vogel research with Dr. D. Andersen University of Iowa

7. Nonlinearity Linear: The glass is half full m =  V Nonlinear : The glass is 49.999999…% full m =  V) V

8. Nonlinear Optics Linear Optics: D=  E Light is slowed in material by a factor of n, leads to refraction If very intense,  and n depend on intensity

9. Self-focusing Light has a tendency to diverge Must maintain narrow beam for laser

10. Self-focusing Light has a tendency to diverge Lens slows light with glass Light bent toward the slower region Slowed more Slowed less

11. Self-focusing Light has a tendency to diverge Solid state laser can use self-focusing Slowed most where beam is most intense Slowed more Slowed less

12. Optical switch Can a signal beam be switched from one path (0) to another (1)?

13. Optical switch Can a signal beam be switched from one path (0) to another (1)? Guide beam alters the nonlinear material Signal beam bent toward it

14. Signal beam Guide beam 0

15. Signal beam Guide beam 0

16. Signal beam Guide beam

17. Signal beam Guide beam

18. Signal beam Guide beam 1

19. Equalization Needs Single fiber -- many signals Each signal -- a different wavelength

20. Equalization Needs Single fiber -- many signals Each signal -- a different wavelength Each signal degrades independently Needs to be boosted independently

21. Equalization Easy to boost all by same factor -- not equalized

22. Equalization First dim the brightest Linear filter: transmission spectrum constant Then boost all by same factor

23. Equalization First dim the brightest to match the dimmest Nonlinear: Transmission depends on intensity Then boost all by same factor