1. Myers’ EXPLORING PSYCHOLOGY (6th Ed) Appendix B Psychology at Work Modified from: James A. McCubbin, PhD Clemson University Worth Publishers

2. Psychology at Work

3.  Flow  Completely, involved, focused state of consciousness, with diminished awareness of self & time, resulting from optimal engagement of one’s skills

4. Industrial/Organizational (I/O) Psychology  Application of psychological concepts & methods to optimizing behavior in workplaces  Personnel Psychology  Focuses on employee recruitment, selection, placement, training, appraisal & development  Organizational Psychology  Examines organizational influences on worker satisfaction & productivity & facilitates organizational change  Human Factors Psychology

5. Personnel Psychology  Personnel psychologists’ tasks  Strength-based selection system

6. Personnel Psychology  Unstructured interviewing & the interviewer illusion  Why the interviewer illusion exists?  Interviews disclose good intentions  Interviewers more often follow successful careers of those hired  Interviewers presume people are what they seem in interview  Interviewers’ preconceptions & moods color how they perceive interviewees’ responses.

7. Personnel Psychology  Structured Interview (reliability/validity)  Asks same job-relevant questions of all applicants  Rated on established scales  Performance Appraisal  Who to retain  How to reward & pay  How to better harness strengths  Affirms strengths & helps motivate improvements

8. Performance Appraisal  360-degree feedback

9. Organizational Psychology  Seek ways to engage & motivate ordinary people doing ordinary jobs  Employee satisfaction  Effective leadership  Harness job-relevant strengths  Set specific, challenging goals  Choose appropriate leadership style

10. Leadership Styles  Task Leadership  Goal-oriented leadership that sets standards, organizes work, & focuses attention on goals  Social Leadership  Group-oriented leadership that builds teamwork, mediates conflict, & offers support

11. Motivation Theories  Theory X  Assumes workers basically lazy, error-prone, & extrinsically motivated by money  Workers should be directed from above  Theory Y  Assumes that, given challenge & freedom, workers motivated to achieve self-esteem & demonstrate competence & creativity

12. Human Factors  Human Factors Psychology  Explores how people & machines interact  Explores how machines & physical environments can be adapted to human behaviors

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